Calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fractures: A systematic review & meta-analysis of fixation methods

Abstract

Calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fractures, although uncommon, pose significant challenges due to their complexity and high rates of complications. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of various surgical fixation techniques for these fractures. Analyzing data from 31 studies involving 214 patients, we found that cannulated lag screws and tension band wiring were the most frequently used methods. The overall complication rate was 34.1 %, with fixation failure and wound issues being the most common problems. While several innovative techniques have been proposed to improve stability and outcomes, no consensus on the optimal fixation method has been established. This review highlights the need for individualized treatment approaches and further research to optimize surgical management of these challenging injuries.