An efficient sharding consensus protocol for improving blockchain scalability

IF 4.5 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Computer Communications Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.comcom.2024.108032

Li Lu , Linfu Sun , Yisheng Zou

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A consortium blockchain facilitates establishment credit among supply and demand agents on a cloud platform. HotStuff, a Byzantine fault-tolerance consensus protocol, predominates the consortium blockchains and has undergone extensive research and practical applications. However, its scalability remains limited with an increased number of nodes, making it unsuitable for large-scale transactions. Consequently, an improved sharding consensus protocol (IShard) is proposed to consider decentralization, security, and scalability within the consortium blockchain. First, IShard employs the jump consistent hash algorithm for reasonable node allocation within the network, thus reducing data migration resulting from shard modifications. Second, a credit mechanism is devised to reflect credit based on the behavior of nodes, optimizing consensus nodes to enhance performance. Third, a credit-based consensus protocol is introduced to concurrently handle transactions through sharding among multiple shards, distributing transactions to each shard to alleviate the overall burden, thus enhancing the scalability of the blockchain. Fourth, a node removal mechanism is devised to identify and eliminate Byzantine nodes, minimizing view changes and ensuring efficient system operation in an environment susceptible to Byzantine faults. Finally, IShard has demonstrated its ability to ensure security and liveness in shard transactions, subject to particular constraints regarding Byzantine nodes. In addition, transaction processes involving supply and demand agents are designed to enhance data reliability. Experimental results demonstrate that IShard surpasses current leading protocols, achieving a communication complexity of O(n) and superior throughput and scalability.

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提高区块链可扩展性的高效分片共识协议

一个联盟区块链促进了云平台上供需代理之间的信用建立。HotStuff是一种拜占庭式容错共识协议，在联盟区块链中占主导地位，并经历了广泛的研究和实际应用。然而，随着节点数量的增加，它的可扩展性仍然有限，这使得它不适合大规模事务。因此，提出了一种改进的分片共识协议（IShard），以考虑财团区块链中的去中心化，安全性和可扩展性。首先，IShard采用跳转一致哈希算法在网络内合理分配节点，从而减少了分片修改导致的数据迁移。其次，设计基于节点行为反映信用的信用机制，优化共识节点，提高绩效。第三，引入基于信用的共识协议，通过在多个分片之间分片并发处理事务，将事务分配到每个分片，减轻整体负担，从而增强区块链的可扩展性。第四，设计节点移除机制，识别和消除拜占庭节点，最大限度地减少视图变化，确保系统在易受拜占庭故障影响的环境下高效运行。最后，IShard已经证明了它能够确保分片交易的安全性和活动性，但要受到拜占庭节点的特定限制。此外，涉及供需代理的交易流程旨在提高数据的可靠性。实验结果表明，IShard超越了目前领先的协议，实现了0 (n)的通信复杂度和卓越的吞吐量和可扩展性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Computer Communications 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

14.10

自引率

5.00%

发文量

397

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Computer and Communications networks are key infrastructures of the information society with high socio-economic value as they contribute to the correct operations of many critical services (from healthcare to finance and transportation). Internet is the core of today''s computer-communication infrastructures. This has transformed the Internet, from a robust network for data transfer between computers, to a global, content-rich, communication and information system where contents are increasingly generated by the users, and distributed according to human social relations. Next-generation network technologies, architectures and protocols are therefore required to overcome the limitations of the legacy Internet and add new capabilities and services. The future Internet should be ubiquitous, secure, resilient, and closer to human communication paradigms. Computer Communications is a peer-reviewed international journal that publishes high-quality scientific articles (both theory and practice) and survey papers covering all aspects of future computer communication networks (on all layers, except the physical layer), with a special attention to the evolution of the Internet architecture, protocols, services, and applications.