Multidimensional influences on risky driving and crash risk among commercial drivers in developing countries: Structural equation model approaches

Abstract

This comprehensive study delves into the intricate factors influencing risky driving behaviors and crash proneness among commercial vehicle operators. Using advanced Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques, the research uncovers the complex relationships between attitudes, perceptions, social influences, and personal characteristics that contribute to road safety concerns. The findings indicate that social acceptability of risky driving is positively associated with subjective norms regarding such behaviors, which in turn are linked to pro-risky driving attitudes. Negative beliefs about the consequences of risky driving are negatively related to attitudes towards those behaviors, while personality traits like extraversion and psychoticism have moderate positive relationships with accepting attitudes towards risky driving. Driver mood state negatively impacted risk perception, with lower perceived risk associated with increased intentions for risky driving. Enforcement and compliance efforts positively influenced perceived behavioral control over risky acts, which then predicted deliberate engagement in those behaviors. Attitudes emerged as the strongest predictor of behavioral intentions, with cautious attitudes relating to safer intended behaviors, and risk-accepting attitudes linking to riskier intentions. The study also developed a predictive model for driver crash proneness using survey data, with demographic driver characteristics, personality traits, and levels of risk perception emerging as core indicators in the model. The results highlight the importance of considering demographic profiles, personality constructs, and risk awareness initiatives when addressing risky driving behavior and reducing crash rates effectively. The findings emphasize the importance of targeting multiple factors to promote safer commercial driving, including core beliefs about consequences of risky behavior, perceived social norms, personal acceptability of risky practices, relevant personality effects, and accurate risk appraisals. Addressing these elements may facilitate attitude and intention change towards reduced risky driving among commercial operators, guiding the development of evidence-based interventions, educational programs, and policies tailored to different driver profiles. Promoting safer driving practices and mitigating the detrimental outcomes of risky behaviors and crashes requires a comprehensive approach encompassing various aspects of driver behavior and cognition.