Observational analysis of gravitational baryogenesis constraints in Einstein-Æther gravity

Abstract

In this article, we investigate the mystery of matter dominance over antimatter through gravitational baryogenesis in context of Einstein-Æther gravity. This study aims to focus on the phenomenon of baryon asymmetry produced in the universe a while after the Big Bang. The supremacy of matter over antimatter is quantified by $\frac{{\eta }_B}{s}=\frac{{\eta }_B-{\eta }_{\overline{B}}}{s}$ where s is entropy of the universe and ${\eta }_B\left({\eta }_{\overline{B}}\right)$ is number of baryon (anti baryon). We take four different models from Einstein-Æther gravity to analyze the ratio $\frac{{\eta }_B}{s}$ and compared our outcomes with the observational bounds. We found this ratio is consistent with the observational data. For a further verification, we examine the Hubble parameter (H) for each model and compared them with observational values, finding a high degree of agreement. Additionally, we perform Chi-square (${\chi }^2$) test on Hubble parameter for each model to assess their compatibility with recent observational data. Furthermore, we compared our findings with the ΛCDM model and the latest Pantheon+SH0ES observational data. This comparison unveiled a reasonable level of consistency among the considered models and the observational data.