Unveiling subsidence patterns: Time series analysis for land deformation investigation in the west-Qurna oil field, Iraq

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Ali Alkhazraji , Jadunandan Dash
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Land subsidence is a worldwide geological and environmental risk caused by natural occurrences and human actions. Its effects include a range of socio-economic, environmental, and hydrogeological consequences, such as damage to infrastructure like buildings, roads, bridges, and pipelines, as well as increased flooding and reduced groundwater storage capacity. Due to these diverse impacts, it is crucial to monitor the spatial and temporal scope of land subsidence. This study presents an investigation into land subsidence within the West-Qurna oil field, a large oil reservoir situated in Iraq's Basrah governorate. The study employs Multi-Temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (MT-InSAR) analysis from the European Space Agency Sentinel 1A over six years, from June 2017 to May 2023. The Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS) has been utilised to assess the scale and magnitude of land deformations in this region. Results revealed a notable subsidence within the central urban area of the oil field, forming an ellipsoidal subsidence bowl spanning 86 km2. The peak subsidence rate is identified at −13.2 ± 0.4 mm/yr within this bowl, with a cumulative vertical displacement of 75 mm throughout the six-year observation period. Furthermore, uplifting phenomena are also detected at the study area's peripheries, reaching a maximum rate of 12 ± 0.4 mm/yr and a cumulative shift of 54 mm. Temporal analysis showcases a significant alteration in subsidence rates, with rates of −18 mm/yr observed between 2017 and 2020, followed by −5 mm/yr post-2020. This change is attributed to COVID-19-related oil production reductions enacted by the government to boost prices. Our analysis points toward oil extraction as a probable primary driver of subsidence in the studied area, although a deeper probe into the impact of groundwater extraction for reservoir injection remains essential.
揭示沉降模式:伊拉克西古尔纳油田地表变形调查的时间序列分析
地面沉降是由自然灾害和人类活动引起的全球性地质和环境风险。它的影响包括一系列社会经济、环境和水文地质后果,例如对建筑物、道路、桥梁和管道等基础设施的破坏,以及洪水的增加和地下水储存能力的减少。由于这些不同的影响,监测地面沉降的时空范围至关重要。本研究对位于伊拉克巴士拉省的西古尔纳油田(West-Qurna oil field)的地面沉降进行了调查。该研究使用了欧洲航天局哨兵1A的多时相干涉合成孔径雷达(MT-InSAR)分析,历时6年,从2017年6月到2023年5月。斯坦福持续散射体法(Stanford Method for Persistent scattering, StaMPS)已被用于评估该地区陆地变形的规模和程度。结果表明:油田中心城区沉降明显,形成了一个面积为86 km2的椭球状沉降碗。在6年的观测期间,该碗内的最大沉降率为- 13.2±0.4 mm/年,累计垂直位移为75 mm。此外,研究区外围也存在抬升现象,最大速率为12±0.4 mm/yr,累计位移为54 mm。时间分析显示沉降率发生了显著变化,2017年至2020年期间观测到沉降率为- 18 mm/年,2020年后为- 5 mm/年。这是因为政府为了提高油价,采取了新冠疫情相关的减产措施。我们的分析指出,石油开采可能是研究区域下沉的主要驱动因素,尽管对地下水开采对储层注入的影响仍有必要进行更深入的探讨。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
8.50%
发文量
204
审稿时长
65 days
期刊介绍: The journal ''Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment'' (RSASE) focuses on remote sensing studies that address specific topics with an emphasis on environmental and societal issues - regional / local studies with global significance. Subjects are encouraged to have an interdisciplinary approach and include, but are not limited by: " -Global and climate change studies addressing the impact of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, CO2 emission, carbon balance and carbon mitigation, energy system on social and environmental systems -Ecological and environmental issues including biodiversity, ecosystem dynamics, land degradation, atmospheric and water pollution, urban footprint, ecosystem management and natural hazards (e.g. earthquakes, typhoons, floods, landslides) -Natural resource studies including land-use in general, biomass estimation, forests, agricultural land, plantation, soils, coral reefs, wetland and water resources -Agriculture, food production systems and food security outcomes -Socio-economic issues including urban systems, urban growth, public health, epidemics, land-use transition and land use conflicts -Oceanography and coastal zone studies, including sea level rise projections, coastlines changes and the ocean-land interface -Regional challenges for remote sensing application techniques, monitoring and analysis, such as cloud screening and atmospheric correction for tropical regions -Interdisciplinary studies combining remote sensing, household survey data, field measurements and models to address environmental, societal and sustainability issues -Quantitative and qualitative analysis that documents the impact of using remote sensing studies in social, political, environmental or economic systems
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