Role of liver-resident NK cells in liver immunity.

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY

Hepatology International Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1007/s12072-025-10778-7

Zheng Pan, Yan-Shuo Ye, Chang Liu, Wei Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The tolerogenic immune microenvironment of the liver (the immune system avoids attacking harmless antigens, such as antigens derived from food and gut microbiota) has garnered significant attention in recent years. Inherent immune cells in the liver play a unique role in regulating this microenvironment. Liver-resident natural killer (LrNK) cells, also known as liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s), are a recently discovered subset of immune cells that possess properties distinct from those of conventional NK (cNK) cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that there are significant differences between LrNK and cNK cells, with LrNK cells potentially exhibiting immunosuppressive functions in the liver. This review summarizes the latest findings on LrNK cells, focusing on their phenotype, heterogeneity, plasticity, origin, development, and the required transcription factors. In addition, immune functions of LrNK cells in various liver diseases, including liver cancer, viral infections, liver injury, and cirrhosis, were analyzed. By elucidating the role of LrNK cells in liver immunity, this review aims to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying liver immunity and contribute to the improvement of liver disease treatment.

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肝脏NK细胞在肝脏免疫中的作用。

近年来，肝脏的耐受性免疫微环境（免疫系统避免攻击无害抗原，如来自食物和肠道微生物群的抗原）引起了极大的关注。肝脏中的固有免疫细胞在调节这种微环境中起着独特的作用。肝脏常驻自然杀伤细胞（LrNK），也被称为肝脏1型先天淋巴样细胞（ILC1s），是最近发现的免疫细胞亚群，具有与传统NK细胞（cNK）不同的特性。越来越多的证据表明，LrNK细胞和cNK细胞之间存在显著差异，LrNK细胞可能在肝脏中表现出免疫抑制功能。本文综述了LrNK细胞的表型、异质性、可塑性、起源、发育和所需转录因子等方面的最新研究成果。此外，还分析了LrNK细胞在各种肝脏疾病中的免疫功能，包括肝癌、病毒感染、肝损伤和肝硬化。本文旨在通过阐明LrNK细胞在肝脏免疫中的作用，加深我们对肝脏免疫机制的理解，并有助于改善肝脏疾病的治疗。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Hepatology International 医学-胃肠肝病学

CiteScore

10.90

自引率

3.00%

发文量

167

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Hepatology International is the official journal of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL). This is a peer-reviewed journal featuring articles written by clinicians, clinical researchers and basic scientists is dedicated to research and patient care issues in hepatology. This journal will focus mainly on new and emerging technologies, cutting-edge science and advances in liver and biliary disorders. Types of articles published: -Original Research Articles related to clinical care and basic research -Review Articles -Consensus guidelines for diagnosis and treatment -Clinical cases, images -Selected Author Summaries -Video Submissions