Puberty Onset and Positive Urgency Explain Diminished Returns of Family Income on Tobacco and Marijuana Use.

Open journal of psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-16 DOI:10.31586/ojp.2025.1141
Shervin Assari, Babak Najand, Hossein Zare
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Abstract

Background: Puberty is a crucial developmental milestone that involves significant physiological, emotional, and behavioral changes. Early puberty onset, influenced by both biological and social factors, is associated with an increased risk of engaging in substance use, such as tobacco and marijuana. While high family income is generally linked to delayed puberty onset and lower behavioral risks, these benefits may not be equally protective for Black youth due to the phenomenon of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs). MDRs suggest that higher family income does not offer the same protective effects for Black youth as it does for White youth, potentially leading to earlier puberty and increased substance use among high-income Black adolescents.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether early puberty onset and associated positive urgency (impulsivity) mediate the relationship between family income and the initiation of tobacco and marijuana use over a six-year follow-up period among adolescents. Additionally, the study examined whether the effects of family income on early puberty onset differ by race, testing the hypothesis that high-income Black youth would experience earlier puberty onset compared to their high-income White peers.

Methods: Data were sourced from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Participants were 9-10-year-old adolescents at baseline, followed over a period of six years. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess whether early puberty onset mediated the effects of family income on substance use behaviors. Interaction terms between race and family income were included to test whether the impact of family income varies by race.

Results: Early puberty onset and associated positive urgency partially explained the relationship between family income and the initiation of tobacco and marijuana use. High-income Black youth showed earlier puberty onset compared to their White counterparts. Earlier puberty onset then predicted higher positive urgency. These factors, in turn, were linked to higher rates of tobacco and marijuana initiation.

Conclusions: This study provides additional evidence that the benefits of high family income do not extend equally to Black adolescents, particularly regarding delaying puberty onset and its consequences for substance use.

青春期的开始和积极的紧迫性解释了家庭收入对烟草和大麻使用的减少。
背景:青春期是一个重要的发育里程碑,涉及重大的生理、情感和行为变化。受生理和社会因素的影响,青春期提前与吸烟和大麻等物质使用的风险增加有关。虽然高家庭收入通常与青春期的延迟和较低的行为风险有关,但由于少数民族的减少回报(mdr)现象,这些好处可能对黑人青年没有同样的保护作用。mdr表明,较高的家庭收入对黑人青年的保护作用与对白人青年的保护作用不同,这可能导致高收入黑人青少年的青春期提前和药物使用增加。目的:本研究旨在通过对青少年6年的随访,探讨青春期早发及其相关的积极紧迫性(冲动性)是否在家庭收入与烟草和大麻使用之间起中介作用。此外,该研究还调查了家庭收入对青春期提前的影响是否因种族而异,验证了高收入黑人青年比高收入白人青年更早进入青春期的假设。方法:数据来源于青少年大脑认知发展(ABCD)研究。参与者在基线时是9-10岁的青少年,随访了6年。采用结构方程模型(SEM)评估青春期早发是否介导家庭收入对物质使用行为的影响。加入种族与家庭收入之间的相互作用项,以检验家庭收入的影响是否因种族而异。结果:青春期早发和相关的积极紧迫性部分解释了家庭收入与烟草和大麻开始使用的关系。高收入的黑人青年比白人青年早熟。更早的青春期出现预示着更高的阳性急迫性。这些因素反过来又与较高的烟草和大麻成瘾率有关。结论:这项研究提供了额外的证据,证明高家庭收入的好处并没有平等地延伸到黑人青少年,特别是在推迟青春期开始及其对物质使用的影响方面。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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