Case report: Vulvar metastasis after lung metastasis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma, a case report and literature review.

Abstract

Introduction and importance: Cervical cancer is highly correlated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, accounting for approximately 70 % of cases. However, false-negative HPV test results can occur, complicating early detection.

Case presentation: We introduce a rare case of cervical cancer with lung metastasis followed by vulvar metastasis. Notably, the HPV test was negative at diagnosis but became positive upon detection of vulvar metastasis.

Clinical discussion: We discuss the pathways of vulvar metastasis in cervical cancer and potential causes of false-negative HPV tests. A search for cases of vulvar metastasis of cervical cancer in Medline and Embase between 2004 and 2024 was performed and a literature review was conducted.

Conclusion: The occurrence of vulvar metastasis indicates the terminal manifestation of the tumor and the survival period is short. Active radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and other multiple treatments may increase the overall survival time of patients.