A novel ROR1-targeting antibody-PROTAC conjugate promotes BRD4 degradation for solid tumor treatment.

Abstract

Rationale: Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are bifunctional compounds that have been extensively studied for their role in targeted protein degradation (TPD). The capacity to degrade validated or undruggable targets provides PROTACs with significant potency in cancer therapy. However, the clinical application of PROTACs is limited by their poor in vivo potency and unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties. Methods: In this study, a novel degrader-antibody conjugate (DAC) was developed by conjugating the BRD4-degrading PROTAC with the ROR1 (receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1) antibody. The in vitro affinity, internalization efficacy, degradation, and cytotoxic activity of the ROR1 DAC were assessed. The pharmacokinetics, antitumor activity, and acute toxicity of ROR1 DAC were evaluated in mouse models. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyze the therapeutic efficacy mediated by the combination of ROR1 DAC and anti-mouse programmed cell death protein 1 (αmPD1) mAb. Results: The ROR1 DAC exhibited strong degradation activity and cytotoxicity following antigen binding and internalization. Compared to unconjugated PROTAC, the ROR1 DAC demonstrated improved pharmacokinetics and potent antitumor efficacy in PC3 and MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse models. Furthermore, enhanced antitumor activity and immune cell infiltration within solid tumors were observed when combined with αmPD-1 mAb in C57BL/6J mice. RNA sequencing revealed that the enhanced immune response associated with the combination treatment is related to tumor microenvironment modulation, including the upregulation of Th1-biased cytokines. Moreover, the ROR1 DAC exhibited a favorable safety profile in an acute toxicity study. Conclusions: These results indicate that the degrader-antibody conjugate is a promising candidate for tumor-specific degradation and effective cancer therapy.