Key factors associated with oral health services at Federally Qualified Health Centers

IF 1.5 4区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of public health dentistry Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI:10.1111/jphd.12659

Jinman Pang PhD, MS, Simona Surdu PhD, MD, Theekshana Fernando MBBS, MPH, Jean Moore DrPH, FAAN

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to investigate changes in oral health services from 2012 to 2021 and identify factors influencing the number of different types of services directly provided by all Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs).

Methods

Data from the 2012–2021 Uniform Data System were analyzed using multilevel mixed-effect negative binomial regression models. These models explored associations between oral health staffing, federal grant revenue, and state Medicaid dental policies for adults, and the number of different types of oral health services provided at FQHCs. Regressions were adjusted for FQHC and state characteristics, and survey year.

Results

FQHC visits for any oral health service increased significantly with each additional full-time equivalent (FTE) in all types of oral health staffing, ranging between 0.8% and 13.7% (e.g., IRR = 1.137, 95% CI = 1.126–1.148 for preventive services by dental hygienists/therapists). Preventive dental visits increased significantly by 32% (IRR = 1.320, 95% CI = 1.028–1.694) for every 1% increase in the proportion of capital development grants to the total revenue. Although not statistically significant, FQHCs in states with extensive Medicaid dental coverage had a 2%–7% increase in all types of oral health services except emergency services compared to those in states with emergency-only coverage.

Conclusions

This study found that increasing dental staffing, particularly of dental hygienists/therapists, enhances FQHCs' ability to provide preventive services. Capital development grants also positively influence preventive dental care delivery. Expanding Medicaid dental coverage may also increase service utilization, particularly among underserved groups, reducing oral health disparities.

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与联邦合格健康中心口腔健康服务相关的关键因素。

目的：本研究旨在调查2012年至2021年口腔卫生服务的变化，并确定影响所有联邦合格卫生中心（fqhc）直接提供不同类型服务数量的因素。方法：采用多水平混合效应负二项回归模型对2012-2021年统一数据系统数据进行分析。这些模型探讨了口腔健康人员配备、联邦拨款收入、州医疗补助成人牙科政策以及fqhc提供的不同类型口腔健康服务的数量之间的关系。对FQHC、州特征和调查年份进行了调整。结果：在所有类型的口腔卫生人员中，每增加一个全职当量（FTE），任何口腔卫生服务的FQHC访问都显著增加，范围在0.8%至13.7%之间（例如，由牙科保健员/治疗师提供的预防性服务的IRR = 1.137, 95% CI = 1.126-1.148）。资本发展赠款占总收入的比例每增加1%，预防性牙科就诊就显著增加32% （IRR = 1.320, 95% CI = 1.028-1.694）。虽然统计上不显著，但与只覆盖紧急情况的州相比，在医疗补助牙科广泛覆盖的州，fqhc在除紧急情况外的所有类型的口腔健康服务方面都增加了2%-7%。结论：本研究发现，增加牙科人员，特别是牙科保健员/治疗师，可以提高fqhc提供预防服务的能力。资本发展赠款也对预防性牙科保健的提供产生积极影响。扩大医疗补助牙科覆盖范围也可能增加服务利用率，特别是在服务不足的群体中，减少口腔健康差距。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of public health dentistry 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

4.30%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Public Health Dentistry is devoted to the advancement of public health dentistry through the exploration of related research, practice, and policy developments. Three main types of articles are published: original research articles that provide a significant contribution to knowledge in the breadth of dental public health, including oral epidemiology, dental health services, the behavioral sciences, and the public health practice areas of assessment, policy development, and assurance; methods articles that report the development and testing of new approaches to research design, data collection and analysis, or the delivery of public health services; and review articles that synthesize previous research in the discipline and provide guidance to others conducting research as well as to policy makers, managers, and other dental public health practitioners.