Characterisation of RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT) using a small molecule approach.

Abstract

The maturation of the RNA cap involving guanosine N-7 methylation, catalyzed by the HsRNMT (RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase)-RAM (RNA guanine-N7 methyltransferase activating subunit) complex, is currently under investigation as a novel strategy to combat PIK3CA mutant breast cancer. However, the development of effective drugs is hindered by a limited understanding of the enzyme's mechanism and a lack of small molecule inhibitors. Following the elucidation of the HsRNMT-RAM molecular mechanism, we report the biophysical characterization of two small molecule hits. Biophysics, biochemistry and structural biology confirm that both compounds bind competitively with cap and bind effectively to HsRNMT-RAM in the presence of the co-product SAM, with a binding affinity (KD) of approximately 1 μM.  This stabilisation of the enzyme-product complex results in uncompetitive inhibition.  Finally, we describe the properties of the cap pocket and provided suggestions for further development of the tool compounds.