Descriptions of one hundred new species of Hesperiidae.
Insecta mundiPub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-04
Jing Zhang, Qian Cong, Nick V Grishin
{"title":"Descriptions of one hundred new species of Hesperiidae.","authors":"Jing Zhang, Qian Cong, Nick V Grishin","doi":"","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A century and a half since the time of Hewitson, we are experiencing a renaissance in species discovery fueled by whole genome sequencing. A large-scale genomic analysis of Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809 (Lepidoptera), including primary type specimens, reveals a deluge of species new to science. One hundred of them (one in a new genus) are described here from the New World (type localities are given in parenthesis): <i>Drephalys</i> (<i>Drephalys</i>) <i>diovalis</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Napo), <i>Euriphellus panador</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Esmeraldas), <i>Euriphellus panamicus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Panama), <i>Cecropterus</i> (<i>Thorybes</i>) <i>viridissimus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Zamora-Chinchipe), <i>Cecropterus</i> (<i>Murgaria</i>) <i>dariensis</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Darien), <i>Urbanus</i> (<i>Urbanus</i>) <i>mericuti</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Napo), <i>Telegonus</i> (<i>Telegonus</i>) <i>pastus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Panama), <i>Autochton</i> (<i>Autochton</i>) <i>dora</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Pastaza), <i>Astraptes centralis</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Colón), <i>Aguna claxonica</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Napo), <i>Aguna esmeralda</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Esmeraldas), <i>Aguna lata</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Guyana), <i>Ridens angulinea</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Cuzco), <i>Pythonides lera</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Cuzco), <i>Pythonides latemarginatus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Panama), <i>Gindanes variegatus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Brazil: Mato Grosso), <i>Milanion</i> (<i>Milanion</i>) <i>virga</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Brazil: Rondônia), <i>Milanion</i> (<i>Milanion</i>) <i>furvus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Panama), <i>Milanion</i> (<i>Milanion</i>) <i>laricus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Napo), <i>Charidia ronda</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Brazil: Rondônia), <i>Pseudodrephalys tinas</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Loreto), <i>Pseudodrephalys argus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Suriname: Para), <i>Achlyodes calvus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Brazil: Santa Catarina), <i>Spioniades artemis</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Panama), <i>Spioniades artemidoides</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Brazil: Santa Catarina), <i>Myrinia orieca</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Orellana), <i>Myrinia aragua</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Venezuela: Aragua), <i>Myrinia maculosa</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Guatemala), <i>Myrinia manchada</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Guyana), <i>Polyctor</i> (<i>Fenops</i>) <i>lamperus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Darien), <i>Nisoniades</i> (<i>Nisoniades</i>) <i>lutum</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Guerrero.), <i>Bolla</i> (<i>Stolla</i>) <i>vena</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Venezuela: Aragua), <i>Staphylus</i> (<i>Vulga</i>) <i>vula</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Veracruz), <i>Staphylus</i> (<i>Vulga</i>) <i>vulga</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Darien), <i>Staphylus</i> (<i>Staphylus</i>) <i>rotundalus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Napo), <i>Staphylus</i> (<i>Staphylus</i>) <i>yucatanus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Quintana Roo/Yucatan), <i>Heliopetes</i> (<i>Heliopetes</i>) <i>lana</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Guatemala), <i>Canesia ella</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Venezuela: Barinas), <i>Paches</i> (<i>Paches</i>) <i>loxeca</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Morona-Santiago), <i>Clito congruens</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Colón), <i>Cycloglypha corax</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro), <i>Festivia peruvia</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Huánuco), <i>Decinea notata</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Napo), <i>Pompeius fuscus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Brazil: Minas Gerais), <i>Vernia clara</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Chiriquí), <i>Oligoria</i> (<i>Oligoria</i>) <i>obtena</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Napo), <i>Thespieus mandal</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro), <i>Psoralis</i> (<i>Saniba</i>) <i>magnamacus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Darien), <i>Alychna ayonis</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Napo), <i>Wahydra banios</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Tungurahua), <i>Wahydra cuzcona</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Cuzco), <i>Cynea</i> (<i>Cynea</i>) <i>aureofimbra</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador), <i>Cynea</i> (<i>Nycea</i>) <i>quada</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Napo), <i>Cynea</i> (<i>Quinta</i>) <i>achirae</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Tamaulipas), <i>Eutus amazonicus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Madre de Dios), <i>Eutus incus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Cuzco), <i>Eutus septemaculatus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Brazil: Mato Grosso), <i>Godmia viridicapita</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Napo), <i>Rhomba pulla</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Cuzco), <i>Niconiades victoria</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Tamaulipas), <i>Lancephallus purpurus</i> Grishin, <b>new genus</b> and <b>new species</b> (Guyana), <i>Mnasicles</i> (<i>Remella</i>) <i>ecua</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Pichincha), <i>Amblyscirtes</i> (<i>Amblyscirtes</i>) <i>aeratus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Oaxaca), <i>Amblyscirtes</i> (<i>Mastor</i>) <i>chrysoplea</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Oaxaca), <i>Amblyscirtes</i> (<i>Mastor</i>) <i>chrysomisa</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Chiapas), <i>Amblyscirtes</i> (<i>Flor</i>) <i>meridus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Veracruz), <i>Rectava chiriquensis</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Chiriquí), <i>Cobalopsis adictys</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Veraguas), <i>Cymaenes melaporphyrus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: San Luis Potosí), <i>Lerema</i> (<i>Morys</i>) <i>ecuadorica</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Pichincha), <i>Saturnus obscurior</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Darien), <i>Cantha zoirodicta</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Madre de Dios), <i>Cantha meiodicta</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Madre de Dios), <i>Phlebodes duplex</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Guatemala: Cayuga), <i>Lychnuchus</i> (<i>Enosis</i>) <i>valle</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Colombia: Valle), <i>Eutychide ochoides</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Cuzco), <i>Dion bora</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Darien), <i>Dion occida</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Madre de Dios), <i>Eprius</i> (<i>Eprius</i>) <i>veledinus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Pichincha), <i>Radiatus panamensis</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Panama), <i>Pheraeus pulcher</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Madre de Dios), <i>Callimormus rades</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Panama), <i>Gubrus lubens</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Loja), <i>Ludens labens</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Darien), <i>Rigga isa</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Napo), <i>Flaccilla lactea</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Cuzco), <i>Falga athena</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Darien), <i>Panoquina jay</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Loreto), <i>Calpodes salianus</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Madre de Dios), <i>Calpodes stingo</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Sucumbíos), <i>Aides nobra</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Colón), <i>Thracides pavo</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Tabasco), <i>Talides eluta</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Cuzco), <i>Talides laeta</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Cuzco), <i>Neoxeniades angustior</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro), <i>Damas zea</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Guyana), <i>Tromba xantha</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Veracruz), <i>Perichares fura</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Pichincha), <i>Carystoides</i> (<i>Balma</i>) <i>goliath</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Colombia: Valle), and <i>Agathymus galeana</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Nuevo Leon). Additionally, we present evidence to support 22 taxa as species (not subspecies or synonyms) and synonymize one genus and four species. Namely, the following taxa are <b>species</b>: <i>Milanion pilta</i> Evans, 1953 (not <i>Milanion pilumnus</i> Mabille and Boullet, 1917), <i>Milanion latior</i> Mabille and Boullet, 1917 (not a synonym of <i>Milanion marciana</i> Godman and Salvin, 1895), <i>Charidia pilea</i> Evans, 1953, and <i>Charidia pocus</i> Evans, 1953 (not <i>Charidia lucaria</i> (Hewitson, 1868)), <i>Paches</i> (<i>Paches</i>) <i>gloriosus</i> Röber, 1925 and <i>Paches</i> (<i>Paches</i>) <i>loxana</i> Evans, 1953 (not <i>Paches</i> (<i>Paches</i>) <i>loxus</i> (Westwood, 1852)), <i>Spioniades anta</i> Evans, 1953 (not <i>Spioniades abbreviata</i> (Mabille, 1888)), <i>Decinea onasima</i> (Hewitson, 1877) and <i>Decinea formosus</i> (Hayward, 1940) (not <i>Decinea dama</i> (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), <i>Thespieus guerreronis</i> (Dyar, 1913) (not <i>Thespieus dalman</i> (Latreille, [1824])), <i>Cynea</i> (<i>Nycea</i>) <i>erebina</i> (Möschler, 1879) and <i>Cynea</i> (<i>Nycea</i>) <i>cleochares</i> (Mabille, 1891) (not <i>Cynea</i> (<i>Cynea</i>) <i>diluta</i> (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), <i>Amblyscirtes</i> (<i>Mastor</i>) <i>repta</i> Evans, 1955 (not <i>Amblyscirtes</i> (<i>Flor</i>) <i>florus</i> (Godman, 1900)), <i>Saturnus tiberius</i> (Möschler, 1883), <i>Saturnus conspicuus</i> (E. Bell, 1941), <i>Saturnus meton</i> (Mabille, 1891), and <i>Saturnus obscurus</i> (E. Bell, 1941) (not <i>Saturnus reticulata</i> (Plötz, 1883)), <i>Phlebodes sifax</i> Evans, 1955 (not <i>Phlebodes campo</i> (E. Bell, 1947)), <i>Eutychide ochus</i> Godman, 1900 and <i>Eutychide rogersi</i> (Kaye, 1914) (not a subspecies and a synonym, respectively, of <i>Eutychide subcordata</i> (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), <i>Falga mirabilis</i> Evans, 1955<i>, Falga jacta</i> Evans, 1955, and <i>Falga ombra</i> Evans, 1955 (not <i>Falga jeconia</i> (A. Butler, 1870)); and the following taxa are junior subjective <b>synonyms</b>: <i>Libra</i> Evans, 1955 (of <i>Phemiades</i> Hübner, [1819]), <i>Papilio clito</i> Fabricius, 1787 of <i>Milanion hemes hemes</i> (Cramer, 1777), <i>Pamphila hycsos</i> Mabille, 1891 of <i>Cynea</i> (<i>Nycea</i>) <i>erebina</i> (Möschler, 1879), <i>Hesperia olympia</i> Plötz, 1882 of <i>Eutychide subcordata</i> (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869), and <i>Hesperia ocrinus</i> Plötz, 1882 of <i>Aides aegita</i> (Hewitson, 1866). Furthermore, we propose <b>new combinations</b> for genus-species: <i>Lychnuchus</i> (<i>Enosis</i>) <i>ponka</i> (Evans, 1955) (not <i>Thoon</i> Godman, 1900), and species-subspecies: <i>Charidia pocus mayo</i> Evans, 1953 (not <i>Charidia lucaria</i> (Hewitson, 1868)), <i>Decinea onasima boliviensis</i> (E. Bell, 1930) (not <i>Decinea dama</i> (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), <i>Cynea</i> (<i>Nycea</i>) <i>erebina somba</i> Evans, 1955 (not <i>Pamphila hycsos</i> Mabille, 1891), <i>Saturnus tiberius suffuscus</i> (Hayward, 1940) (not <i>Saturnus reticulata</i> (Plötz, 1883)), and <i>Falga mirabilis odol</i> Evans, 1955 (not <i>Falga jeconia</i> (A. Butler, 1870)). Then, <i>Milanion pilumnus</i> var. <i>hemestinus</i> Mabille and Boullet, 1917 is a junior subjective synonym of <i>Milanion pilumnus pilumnus</i> Mabille and Boullet, 1917, not of <i>Milanion leucaspis</i> (Mabille, 1878). <b>Lectotypes</b> are designated for nine taxa (names in original combinations below): <i>Pellicia bromias</i> Godman and Salvin, 1894 (Mexico: Veracruz, Atoyac), <i>Nisoniades perforata</i> Möschler, 1879 (Colombia), <i>Helias ascalaphus</i> Staudinger, 1876 (central Panama), <i>Pamphila hycsos</i> Mabille, 1891 (Colombia), <i>Amblyscirtes fluonia</i> Godman, 1900 (Mexico: Guerrero, Xocomanatlan), <i>Mastor anubis</i> Godman, 1900 (Mexico: Guerrero, Omiltemi), <i>Eutychide ochus</i> Godman, 1900 (Mexico: Veracruz, Atoyac), <i>Cobalus subcordata</i> Herrich-Schäffer, 1869 (Southeast Brazil), and <i>Thracides xanthura</i> Godman, 1901 (Panama: Chiriquí Province, Bugaba). A <b>neotype</b> is designated for <i>Eudamus briccius</i> Plötz, 1881 (Guyana: Iwokrama Forest).</p>","PeriodicalId":73391,"journal":{"name":"Insecta mundi","volume":"1026 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759504/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Insecta mundi","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/4 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
A century and a half since the time of Hewitson, we are experiencing a renaissance in species discovery fueled by whole genome sequencing. A large-scale genomic analysis of Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809 (Lepidoptera), including primary type specimens, reveals a deluge of species new to science. One hundred of them (one in a new genus) are described here from the New World (type localities are given in parenthesis): Drephalys (Drephalys) diovalis Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Euriphellus panador Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Esmeraldas), Euriphellus panamicus Grishin, new species (Panama: Panama), Cecropterus (Thorybes) viridissimus Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Zamora-Chinchipe), Cecropterus (Murgaria) dariensis Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Urbanus (Urbanus) mericuti Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Telegonus (Telegonus) pastus Grishin, new species (Panama: Panama), Autochton (Autochton) dora Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Pastaza), Astraptes centralis Grishin, new species (Panama: Colón), Aguna claxonica Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Aguna esmeralda Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Esmeraldas), Aguna lata Grishin, new species (Guyana), Ridens angulinea Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Pythonides lera Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Pythonides latemarginatus Grishin, new species (Panama: Panama), Gindanes variegatus Grishin, new species (Brazil: Mato Grosso), Milanion (Milanion) virga Grishin, new species (Brazil: Rondônia), Milanion (Milanion) furvus Grishin, new species (Panama: Panama), Milanion (Milanion) laricus Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Charidia ronda Grishin, new species (Brazil: Rondônia), Pseudodrephalys tinas Grishin, new species (Peru: Loreto), Pseudodrephalys argus Grishin, new species (Suriname: Para), Achlyodes calvus Grishin, new species (Brazil: Santa Catarina), Spioniades artemis Grishin, new species (Panama: Panama), Spioniades artemidoides Grishin, new species (Brazil: Santa Catarina), Myrinia orieca Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Orellana), Myrinia aragua Grishin, new species (Venezuela: Aragua), Myrinia maculosa Grishin, new species (Guatemala), Myrinia manchada Grishin, new species (Guyana), Polyctor (Fenops) lamperus Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Nisoniades (Nisoniades) lutum Grishin, new species (Mexico: Guerrero.), Bolla (Stolla) vena Grishin, new species (Venezuela: Aragua), Staphylus (Vulga) vula Grishin, new species (Mexico: Veracruz), Staphylus (Vulga) vulga Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Staphylus (Staphylus) rotundalus Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Staphylus (Staphylus) yucatanus Grishin, new species (Mexico: Quintana Roo/Yucatan), Heliopetes (Heliopetes) lana Grishin, new species (Guatemala), Canesia ella Grishin, new species (Venezuela: Barinas), Paches (Paches) loxeca Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Morona-Santiago), Clito congruens Grishin, new species (Panama: Colón), Cycloglypha corax Grishin, new species (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro), Festivia peruvia Grishin, new species (Peru: Huánuco), Decinea notata Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Pompeius fuscus Grishin, new species (Brazil: Minas Gerais), Vernia clara Grishin, new species (Panama: Chiriquí), Oligoria (Oligoria) obtena Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Thespieus mandal Grishin, new species (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro), Psoralis (Saniba) magnamacus Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Alychna ayonis Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Wahydra banios Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Tungurahua), Wahydra cuzcona Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Cynea (Cynea) aureofimbra Grishin, new species (Ecuador), Cynea (Nycea) quada Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Cynea (Quinta) achirae Grishin, new species (Mexico: Tamaulipas), Eutus amazonicus Grishin, new species (Peru: Madre de Dios), Eutus incus Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Eutus septemaculatus Grishin, new species (Brazil: Mato Grosso), Godmia viridicapita Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Rhomba pulla Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Niconiades victoria Grishin, new species (Mexico: Tamaulipas), Lancephallus purpurus Grishin, new genus and new species (Guyana), Mnasicles (Remella) ecua Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Pichincha), Amblyscirtes (Amblyscirtes) aeratus Grishin, new species (Mexico: Oaxaca), Amblyscirtes (Mastor) chrysoplea Grishin, new species (Mexico: Oaxaca), Amblyscirtes (Mastor) chrysomisa Grishin, new species (Mexico: Chiapas), Amblyscirtes (Flor) meridus Grishin, new species (Mexico: Veracruz), Rectava chiriquensis Grishin, new species (Panama: Chiriquí), Cobalopsis adictys Grishin, new species (Panama: Veraguas), Cymaenes melaporphyrus Grishin, new species (Mexico: San Luis Potosí), Lerema (Morys) ecuadorica Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Pichincha), Saturnus obscurior Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Cantha zoirodicta Grishin, new species (Peru: Madre de Dios), Cantha meiodicta Grishin, new species (Peru: Madre de Dios), Phlebodes duplex Grishin, new species (Guatemala: Cayuga), Lychnuchus (Enosis) valle Grishin, new species (Colombia: Valle), Eutychide ochoides Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Dion bora Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Dion occida Grishin, new species (Peru: Madre de Dios), Eprius (Eprius) veledinus Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Pichincha), Radiatus panamensis Grishin, new species (Panama: Panama), Pheraeus pulcher Grishin, new species (Peru: Madre de Dios), Callimormus rades Grishin, new species (Panama: Panama), Gubrus lubens Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Loja), Ludens labens Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Rigga isa Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Flaccilla lactea Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Falga athena Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Panoquina jay Grishin, new species (Peru: Loreto), Calpodes salianus Grishin, new species (Peru: Madre de Dios), Calpodes stingo Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Sucumbíos), Aides nobra Grishin, new species (Panama: Colón), Thracides pavo Grishin, new species (Mexico: Tabasco), Talides eluta Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Talides laeta Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Neoxeniades angustior Grishin, new species (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro), Damas zea Grishin, new species (Guyana), Tromba xantha Grishin, new species (Mexico: Veracruz), Perichares fura Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Pichincha), Carystoides (Balma) goliath Grishin, new species (Colombia: Valle), and Agathymus galeana Grishin, new species (Mexico: Nuevo Leon). Additionally, we present evidence to support 22 taxa as species (not subspecies or synonyms) and synonymize one genus and four species. Namely, the following taxa are species: Milanion pilta Evans, 1953 (not Milanion pilumnus Mabille and Boullet, 1917), Milanion latior Mabille and Boullet, 1917 (not a synonym of Milanion marciana Godman and Salvin, 1895), Charidia pilea Evans, 1953, and Charidia pocus Evans, 1953 (not Charidia lucaria (Hewitson, 1868)), Paches (Paches) gloriosus Röber, 1925 and Paches (Paches) loxana Evans, 1953 (not Paches (Paches) loxus (Westwood, 1852)), Spioniades anta Evans, 1953 (not Spioniades abbreviata (Mabille, 1888)), Decinea onasima (Hewitson, 1877) and Decinea formosus (Hayward, 1940) (not Decinea dama (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), Thespieus guerreronis (Dyar, 1913) (not Thespieus dalman (Latreille, [1824])), Cynea (Nycea) erebina (Möschler, 1879) and Cynea (Nycea) cleochares (Mabille, 1891) (not Cynea (Cynea) diluta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), Amblyscirtes (Mastor) repta Evans, 1955 (not Amblyscirtes (Flor) florus (Godman, 1900)), Saturnus tiberius (Möschler, 1883), Saturnus conspicuus (E. Bell, 1941), Saturnus meton (Mabille, 1891), and Saturnus obscurus (E. Bell, 1941) (not Saturnus reticulata (Plötz, 1883)), Phlebodes sifax Evans, 1955 (not Phlebodes campo (E. Bell, 1947)), Eutychide ochus Godman, 1900 and Eutychide rogersi (Kaye, 1914) (not a subspecies and a synonym, respectively, of Eutychide subcordata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), Falga mirabilis Evans, 1955, Falga jacta Evans, 1955, and Falga ombra Evans, 1955 (not Falga jeconia (A. Butler, 1870)); and the following taxa are junior subjective synonyms: Libra Evans, 1955 (of Phemiades Hübner, [1819]), Papilio clito Fabricius, 1787 of Milanion hemes hemes (Cramer, 1777), Pamphila hycsos Mabille, 1891 of Cynea (Nycea) erebina (Möschler, 1879), Hesperia olympia Plötz, 1882 of Eutychide subcordata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869), and Hesperia ocrinus Plötz, 1882 of Aides aegita (Hewitson, 1866). Furthermore, we propose new combinations for genus-species: Lychnuchus (Enosis) ponka (Evans, 1955) (not Thoon Godman, 1900), and species-subspecies: Charidia pocus mayo Evans, 1953 (not Charidia lucaria (Hewitson, 1868)), Decinea onasima boliviensis (E. Bell, 1930) (not Decinea dama (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), Cynea (Nycea) erebina somba Evans, 1955 (not Pamphila hycsos Mabille, 1891), Saturnus tiberius suffuscus (Hayward, 1940) (not Saturnus reticulata (Plötz, 1883)), and Falga mirabilis odol Evans, 1955 (not Falga jeconia (A. Butler, 1870)). Then, Milanion pilumnus var. hemestinus Mabille and Boullet, 1917 is a junior subjective synonym of Milanion pilumnus pilumnus Mabille and Boullet, 1917, not of Milanion leucaspis (Mabille, 1878). Lectotypes are designated for nine taxa (names in original combinations below): Pellicia bromias Godman and Salvin, 1894 (Mexico: Veracruz, Atoyac), Nisoniades perforata Möschler, 1879 (Colombia), Helias ascalaphus Staudinger, 1876 (central Panama), Pamphila hycsos Mabille, 1891 (Colombia), Amblyscirtes fluonia Godman, 1900 (Mexico: Guerrero, Xocomanatlan), Mastor anubis Godman, 1900 (Mexico: Guerrero, Omiltemi), Eutychide ochus Godman, 1900 (Mexico: Veracruz, Atoyac), Cobalus subcordata Herrich-Schäffer, 1869 (Southeast Brazil), and Thracides xanthura Godman, 1901 (Panama: Chiriquí Province, Bugaba). A neotype is designated for Eudamus briccius Plötz, 1881 (Guyana: Iwokrama Forest).
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