Combined application of metagenomics and FEAST to trace sources of microbial eukaryotic contamination in the Pasig–Marikina–San Juan (PAMARISAN) river system in Metro Manila, Philippines

IF 3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI:10.1007/s10661-025-13630-5

Diana Rose D. Mamawal, Windell L. Rivera

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Microbial eukaryotes are vital to global microbial diversity, but there is limited information about their composition and sources in contaminated surface waters. This study examined the pathogens and potential sources of microbial eukaryotic communities in polluted sink environments using the 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing combined with the fast expectation–maximization for microbial source tracking (FEAST) program. Six sampling sites were selected along the Pasig–Marikina–San Juan (PAMARISAN) River System, representing different locations within the waterway and classified as sinks (n = 12), whereas animal fecal samples collected from various farms were classified as sources (n = 29). Taxonomic composition revealed Stramenopila, Alveolata, Rhizaria (SAR), Archaeplastida, and Excavata in the rivers, accounting for 85.1%, 13.2%, and 0.36% mean abundance of microbial sink communities, respectively. Clinically relevant human pathogens were also observed in sink environments. The correlation test demonstrated that dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, pH, temperature, fecal coliform count, and phosphates were important environmental factors driving community variations. Moreover, FEAST results indicated that sewage (19.6%) was the primary source of microbial eukaryotes, followed by duck (0.644%) and cow (0.566%) feces. Spatio-seasonal variations showed higher contributions at downstream stations and during the wet season, highlighting the role of rainfall in enhancing microbial dispersal. Results from community-based microbial source tracking can be used to explore factors shaping microbial eukaryotes in freshwater environments, assess potential pathogen-related hazards, and inform river conservation and management strategies. Furthermore, this also serves as preliminary data for microbial eukaryotic source tracking in the Philippines, laying groundwork for future research.

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宏基因组学和FEAST联合应用于菲律宾马尼拉大都会Pasig-Marikina-San Juan （PAMARISAN）河系微生物真核污染源的追踪。

微生物真核生物对全球微生物多样性至关重要，但关于其组成和污染地表水来源的信息有限。本研究采用18S rDNA扩增子测序结合微生物源追踪快速期望最大化（fast expected -maximization for microbial source tracking， FEAST）技术，对污染汇环境中真核微生物群落的病原菌及其潜在来源进行了研究。沿着帕西格-马里吉纳-圣胡安（帕马里桑）水系选择了6个采样点，代表水道内的不同位置，并被归类为汇（n = 12），而从各个农场收集的动物粪便样本被归类为源（n = 29）。河流微生物汇群落组成显示：层胞菌（Stramenopila）、肺泡菌（Alveolata）、根瘤菌（Rhizaria）、古塑菌（Archaeplastida）和孔洞菌（Excavata），平均丰度分别为85.1%、13.2%和0.36%。在水槽环境中也观察到临床相关的人类病原体。相关检验表明，溶解氧、总悬浮物、pH、温度、粪便大肠菌群数量和磷酸盐是影响群落变化的重要环境因子。污水（19.6%）是真核微生物的主要来源，其次是鸭粪（0.644%）和牛粪（0.566%）。在下游站和丰水期，降雨对微生物扩散的贡献更大，表明降雨对微生物扩散的促进作用。基于社区的微生物源追踪结果可用于探索淡水环境中微生物真核生物的形成因素，评估潜在的病原体相关危害，并为河流保护和管理策略提供信息。此外，这也为菲律宾微生物真核源追踪提供了初步数据，为今后的研究奠定了基础。

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来源期刊

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

6.70%

发文量

1000

审稿时长

7.3 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Monitoring and Assessment emphasizes technical developments and data arising from environmental monitoring and assessment, the use of scientific principles in the design of monitoring systems at the local, regional and global scales, and the use of monitoring data in assessing the consequences of natural resource management actions and pollution risks to man and the environment.