Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid in reducing cross-contamination during washing of baby spinach at different water quality levels

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Food Science Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.17657

Zhujun Gao, Aprajeeta Jha, Claire L. Hudson, Adam L. Hopper, Faith J. Critzer, Shirley A. Micallef, Donald W. Schaffner, Rohan V. Tikekar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

We evaluated the antimicrobial performance of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and peracetic acid (PAA) during washing of baby spinach in water of varying levels of organic load, as measured by its chemical oxygen demand (COD). Escherichia coli TVS353 was spot inoculated onto one unwashed leaf. Sanitizers were added into water with preadjusted COD (300 or 2500 ppm) to achieve concentrations from 20 to 80 ppm. One inoculated leaf was washed with nine uninoculated leaves in 500 mL water (n = 6). Bacterial load on inoculated leaves was lowered by sanitizers in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05) and the lowest bacterial survivor levels were observed at 80 ppm with 2.7 ± 1.2 and 5.1 ± 0.5 Log MPN/leaf for PAA and NaOCl, respectively, at low CODs. PAA was more effective in reducing bacterial load from the inoculated leaf than NaOCl at high CODs (p < 0.05), with 2.9 ± 2.8 and 5.3 ± 0.8 Log MPN/leaf survivors for PAA and NaOCl, respectively. At 80 ppm sanitizer levels, the bacteria was not detected in wash water at any condition but was detected at 20 and 40 ppm at high CODs. The lowest levels of bacteria transferred to uninoculated leaves were observed at 80 ppm sanitizer, at 0.3 ± 0.2 and 0.2 ± 0.1 Log MPN/leaf for PAA and 1.1 ± 1.0 and 0.3 ± 0.3 Log MPN/leaf for NaOCl at low and high CODs, respectively. The log percentage of bacteria transferred ranged from −1.1 at 0 ppm to over −4.5 at 80 ppm, highlighting a reduction in cross-contamination by the sanitizers.

Practical Application

This study provides effective data on sanitizer usage to fresh produce industry for ensuring food safety during washing of produce. It evaluated the sanitizer effect in a broad range of scenarios including various sanitizer concentrations, and wash water with low and high organic load that is common when recirculating wash water. The results also revealed the differences in two common sanitizers (PAA and NaOCl) in terms of their effectiveness.

Abstract Image

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次氯酸钠和过氧乙酸在不同水质水平下减少菠菜洗涤过程中交叉污染的效果。

我们评估了次氯酸钠（NaOCl）和过氧乙酸（PAA）在不同有机负荷水平的水中洗涤菠菜时的抗菌性能，通过测量其化学需氧量（COD）。将大肠杆菌TVS353接种于未洗叶片上。将消毒剂加入预调节COD（300或2500 ppm）的水中，以达到20至80 ppm的浓度。将一片接种过的叶片与9片未接种过的叶片一起在500 mL水中洗涤（n = 6）。消毒剂以剂量依赖的方式降低了接种过的叶片上的细菌负荷(p

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来源期刊

Journal of Food Science 工程技术-食品科技

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

2.60%

发文量

412

审稿时长

3.1 months

期刊介绍： The goal of the Journal of Food Science is to offer scientists, researchers, and other food professionals the opportunity to share knowledge of scientific advancements in the myriad disciplines affecting their work, through a respected peer-reviewed publication. The Journal of Food Science serves as an international forum for vital research and developments in food science. The range of topics covered in the journal include: -Concise Reviews and Hypotheses in Food Science -New Horizons in Food Research -Integrated Food Science -Food Chemistry -Food Engineering, Materials Science, and Nanotechnology -Food Microbiology and Safety -Sensory and Consumer Sciences -Health, Nutrition, and Food -Toxicology and Chemical Food Safety The Journal of Food Science publishes peer-reviewed articles that cover all aspects of food science, including safety and nutrition. Reviews should be 15 to 50 typewritten pages (including tables, figures, and references), should provide in-depth coverage of a narrowly defined topic, and should embody careful evaluation (weaknesses, strengths, explanation of discrepancies in results among similar studies) of all pertinent studies, so that insightful interpretations and conclusions can be presented. Hypothesis papers are especially appropriate in pioneering areas of research or important areas that are afflicted by scientific controversy.