{"title":"Detecting vertical and lateral root hydraulic redistribution based on soil-moisture alteration on cashew seedlings","authors":"Joko Pitono, Sitti Fatimah Syahid, Melati Melati, Lukita Devy, Devi Rusmin, Setiawan Setiawan, Emi Sugiartini, Muhammad Syakir, Bariot Hafif, Afrizon Afrizon","doi":"10.1007/s10457-024-01101-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cashew trees with hydraulic redistribution (HR) capability are able to function as the upper story in agroforestry-based dryland agriculture. Although cashew vertical HR can share water with neighboring crops, its lateral HR needs clarification. Therefore, this study aimed to assess both vertical and lateral HR of cashew by observing changes in soil moisture content in a controlled experiment. The HR was evaluated on cashew seedlings with root filled in 3 connected compartment media positions, namely top, left bottom, and right bottom. The HR treatments included cashew with vertical HR (P<sub>1</sub>), where all compartments were wet, except the upper one kept dry. There was also vertical and lateral HR (P<sub>2</sub>), where all compartments were dry, except the right bottom, kept wet, and treatment without HR (P<sub>no-HR</sub>) with all compartments dry. Treatments were arranged in a complete randomized design with six replications. Water transfer through the capillary media was minimized by separating root to isolate HR effects. The results showed that there was significant vertical HR in P<sub>1</sub> with soil moisture content gap of 7.6% compared to P<sub>no-HR</sub>. In P<sub>2</sub>, lateral HR was observed with soil moisture content gap of 8.0%. Additionally, cashew in P<sub>1</sub> and P<sub>2</sub> maintained better leaf water potential and transpiration compared to P<sub>no-HR</sub>. These results confirmed that cashew could perform vertical and lateral HR, supporting their role as an upper story in dryland agroforestry. Moreover, soil moisture alternation with root separation methods could be feasible for evaluating HR on controlled scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7610,"journal":{"name":"Agroforestry Systems","volume":"99 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Agroforestry Systems","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10457-024-01101-8","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Cashew trees with hydraulic redistribution (HR) capability are able to function as the upper story in agroforestry-based dryland agriculture. Although cashew vertical HR can share water with neighboring crops, its lateral HR needs clarification. Therefore, this study aimed to assess both vertical and lateral HR of cashew by observing changes in soil moisture content in a controlled experiment. The HR was evaluated on cashew seedlings with root filled in 3 connected compartment media positions, namely top, left bottom, and right bottom. The HR treatments included cashew with vertical HR (P1), where all compartments were wet, except the upper one kept dry. There was also vertical and lateral HR (P2), where all compartments were dry, except the right bottom, kept wet, and treatment without HR (Pno-HR) with all compartments dry. Treatments were arranged in a complete randomized design with six replications. Water transfer through the capillary media was minimized by separating root to isolate HR effects. The results showed that there was significant vertical HR in P1 with soil moisture content gap of 7.6% compared to Pno-HR. In P2, lateral HR was observed with soil moisture content gap of 8.0%. Additionally, cashew in P1 and P2 maintained better leaf water potential and transpiration compared to Pno-HR. These results confirmed that cashew could perform vertical and lateral HR, supporting their role as an upper story in dryland agroforestry. Moreover, soil moisture alternation with root separation methods could be feasible for evaluating HR on controlled scale.
期刊介绍：
Agroforestry Systems is an international scientific journal that publishes results of novel, high impact original research, critical reviews and short communications on any aspect of agroforestry. The journal particularly encourages contributions that demonstrate the role of agroforestry in providing commodity as well non-commodity benefits such as ecosystem services. Papers dealing with both biophysical and socioeconomic aspects are welcome. These include results of investigations of a fundamental or applied nature dealing with integrated systems involving trees and crops and/or livestock. Manuscripts that are purely descriptive in nature or confirmatory in nature of well-established findings, and with limited international scope are discouraged. To be acceptable for publication, the information presented must be relevant to a context wider than the specific location where the study was undertaken, and provide new insight or make a significant contribution to the agroforestry knowledge base
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