Transforming Bacterial Pathogens into Wonder Tools in Cancer Immunotherapy.

IF 12.1 1区医学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Molecular Therapy Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI:10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.01.029

Amal Senevirathne,Khristine Kaith S Lloren,Ram Prasad Aganja,Jun Kwon,John Hwa Lee

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Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment due to its precise, target-specific approach compared to conventional therapies. However, treating solid tumors remains challenging as these tumors are inherently immunosuppressive, and their tumor microenvironment (TME) often limits therapeutic efficacy. Interestingly, certain bacterial species offer a promising alternative by exhibiting an innate ability to target and proliferate within tumor environments. Bacterial structural and functional components can activate innate and adaptive immune responses, creating tumor-suppressive conditions that reduce tumor mass. Additionally, bacteria can deliver effector molecules directly into tumor cells, inducing apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Despite their potential, the use of bacteria in cancer immunotherapy poses risks due to possible toxicities and unpredictable in vivo behavior. Advances in genetic engineering have addressed these concerns by enabling the development of attenuated bacterial strains with enhanced anticancer properties for safer medical applications. This review highlights the role of bacteria in TME modulation, recent strategies to bioengineer bacterial pathogens as therapeutic tools, and the synergistic effects of combining bacteria with other immunotherapies. It also discusses the challenges and prospects of translating this innovative approach into clinical practice, offering a comprehensive overview of bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy's potential to reshape the future of cancer treatment.

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将细菌病原体转化为癌症免疫治疗的神奇工具。

与传统疗法相比，癌症免疫疗法由于其精确、靶向性强的方法而彻底改变了癌症治疗。然而，治疗实体瘤仍然具有挑战性，因为这些肿瘤本身具有免疫抑制作用，其肿瘤微环境（TME）往往限制了治疗效果。有趣的是，某些细菌物种通过表现出在肿瘤环境中靶向和增殖的先天能力，提供了一种有希望的替代方案。细菌的结构和功能成分可以激活先天和适应性免疫反应，创造肿瘤抑制条件，减少肿瘤质量。此外，细菌可以将效应分子直接传递到肿瘤细胞中，诱导细胞凋亡和坏死死亡。尽管具有潜力，但由于可能的毒性和不可预测的体内行为，细菌在癌症免疫治疗中的使用存在风险。基因工程的进步解决了这些问题，使开发具有增强抗癌特性的减毒菌株能够用于更安全的医疗应用。本文综述了细菌在TME调节中的作用，生物工程细菌病原体作为治疗工具的最新策略，以及细菌与其他免疫疗法联合的协同效应。它还讨论了将这种创新方法转化为临床实践的挑战和前景，提供了基于细菌的癌症免疫疗法重塑癌症治疗未来潜力的全面概述。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Molecular Therapy 医学-生物工程与应用微生物

CiteScore

19.20

自引率

3.20%

发文量

357

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Molecular Therapy is the leading journal for research in gene transfer, vector development, stem cell manipulation, and therapeutic interventions. It covers a broad spectrum of topics including genetic and acquired disease correction, vaccine development, pre-clinical validation, safety/efficacy studies, and clinical trials. With a focus on advancing genetics, medicine, and biotechnology, Molecular Therapy publishes peer-reviewed research, reviews, and commentaries to showcase the latest advancements in the field. With an impressive impact factor of 12.4 in 2022, it continues to attract top-tier contributions.