Identification of Use Cases, Target Groups, and Motivations Around Adopting Smart Speakers for Health Care and Social Care Settings: Scoping Review.

Abstract

Background: Conversational agents (CAs) are finding increasing application in health and social care, not least due to their growing use in the home. Recent developments in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing have enabled a variety of new uses for CAs. One type of CA that has received increasing attention recently is smart speakers.

Objective: The aim of our study was to identify the use cases, user groups, and settings of smart speakers in health and social care. We also wanted to identify the key motivations for developers and designers to use this particular type of technology.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review to provide an overview of the literature on smart speakers in health and social care. The literature search was conducted between February 2023 and March 2023 and included 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Sociological Abstracts), supplemented by Google Scholar. Several keywords were used, including technology (eg, voice assistant), product name (eg, Amazon Alexa), and setting (health care or social care). Publications were included if they met the predefined inclusion criteria: (1) published after 2015 and (2) used a smart speaker in a health care or social care setting. Publications were excluded if they met one of the following criteria: (1) did not report on the specific devices used, (2) did not focus specifically on smart speakers, (3) were systematic reviews and other forms of literature-based publications, and (4) were not published in English. Two reviewers collected, reviewed, abstracted, and analyzed the data using qualitative content analysis.

Results: A total of 27 articles were included in the final review. These articles covered a wide range of use cases in different settings, such as private homes, hospitals, long-term care facilities, and outpatient services. The main target group was patients, especially older users, followed by doctors and other medical staff members.

Conclusions: The results show that smart speakers have diverse applications in health and social care, addressing different contexts and audiences. Their affordability and easy-to-use interfaces make them attractive to various stakeholders. It seems likely that, due to technical advances in artificial intelligence and the market power of the companies behind the devices, there will be more use cases for smart speakers in the near future.