Patient Challenges in Utilization of Methadone to Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Perspectives on a Solution for Improved Security and Convenience in Take-home Dosing.

Abstract

Background: Methadone is commonly utilized to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Requirements to visit an opioid treatment provider (OTP) clinic for methadone treatment limits access to treatment, impacts quality of life, and reduces OUD treatment program retention. The Computerized Oral Prescription Administration (COPA) system is a dual-biometric dispensing device for take-home dosing that could reduce the impacts of methadone administration on patients and clinic staff.

Objective: To identify challenges for patients treated with methadone for OUD and gain their perspectives on COPA.

Methods: Adult patients treated with methadone at a single-site OTP clinic were recruited to complete a qualitative interview regarding their experience with methadone and the impact that expansion of take-home doses would have on their life. Participants were provided printed resources describing COPA and handled a COPA device before being asked for their perspectives.

Results: Participants (n=12) were 58.33 percent male and 41.67 percent female, and had no take-home doses (n=5), 2 to 5 days of take-home doses (n=4), or six or more days of take-home doses (n=3). Most (91.67%) participants desired more take-home doses, and 66.7 percent stated more take-home doses would reduce the negative impact of OUD treatment on their ability to work. Average time and cost per trip to obtain their methadone dose at the clinic was 75 minutes and $36.58, respectively. Participants responded positively toward COPA. Participants with no take-home privileges would pay $126.88 per month to obtain take-home privileges by using COPA, and those with take-home privileges would pay $30.31 per month to keep the same level of take-home doses and $117.50 per month to expand their take-home doses using COPA.

Conclusion: Participants endured a monetary and time burden to access their methadone treatment, and wished to have more take-home doses to reduce the frequency of their visits to the OTP clinic. Participants viewed take-home doses as having a positive impact on their ability to care for family members, hold a job, and travel, and they appreciated the key attributes of COPA and were willing to invest their own funds to gain access to the device. COPA is a potential solution to expand take-home methadone access to patients while ensuring safety, adherence, retention, and appropriate use.