Influenza and Aging: Clinical Manifestations, Complications, and Treatment Approaches in Older Adults.

IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY
Drugs & Aging Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-07 DOI:10.1007/s40266-024-01169-y
Christian I Rosero, Stefan Gravenstein, Elie A Saade
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Influenza, a highly contagious respiratory viral illness, poses significant global health risks, particularly affecting older and those with chronic health conditions. Influenza viruses, primarily types A and B, are responsible for seasonal human infections and exhibit a propensity for antigenic drift and shift, contributing to seasonal epidemics and pandemics. The severity of influenza varies, but severe cases often lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiorgan failure. Older adults, especially those over 65 years of age, face increased risks of immune senescence, chronic comorbidities, and decreased vaccine efficacy. Globally, influenza affects millions of people annually, with significant morbidity and mortality among older. Epidemiological patterns vary with climate, and risk factors include age, immunocompromised status, and preexisting chronic conditions. In older adults, influenza frequently results in hospitalization and death, which is exacerbated by immunosenescence and biological organ changes associated with aging. Clinical manifestations range from mild symptoms to severe complications such as viral pneumonia and multiorgan failure. Diagnosis often relies on antigen or molecular tests, with radiological examination aiding in severe cases. Treatment primarily involves antiviral agents, such as oseltamivir and peramivir, with the greatest benefit observed when initiated early. Management of severe cases may require hospitalization and supportive care, including addressing complications, such as secondary bacterial infections and cardiovascular events. This article highlights the need for improved vaccination strategies and novel treatments, including monoclonal antibodies and adoptive T cell therapies, to better manage severe influenza infections in vulnerable populations such as older.

流感与衰老:老年人的临床表现、并发症和治疗方法。
流感是一种高度传染性的呼吸道病毒性疾病,对全球健康构成重大风险,尤其影响老年人和慢性病患者。流感病毒,主要是A型和B型,造成季节性人类感染,并表现出抗原漂移和转移的倾向,导致季节性流行和大流行。流感的严重程度各不相同,但严重的病例往往导致肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征和多器官衰竭。老年人,特别是65岁以上的老年人,面临免疫衰老、慢性合并症和疫苗效力下降的风险增加。在全球范围内,流感每年影响数百万人,老年人发病率和死亡率很高。流行病学模式因气候而异,危险因素包括年龄、免疫功能低下状况和既往慢性病。在老年人中,流感经常导致住院和死亡,并因与衰老相关的免疫衰老和生物器官变化而加剧。临床表现从轻微症状到严重并发症,如病毒性肺炎和多器官衰竭。诊断通常依赖抗原或分子检测,在严重病例中放射检查辅助。治疗主要涉及抗病毒药物,如奥司他韦和帕拉米韦,早期开始治疗效果最大。严重病例的处理可能需要住院治疗和支持性护理,包括处理并发症,如继发性细菌感染和心血管事件。这篇文章强调需要改进疫苗接种策略和新的治疗方法,包括单克隆抗体和过继性T细胞疗法,以更好地管理老年人等脆弱人群的严重流感感染。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Drugs & Aging
Drugs & Aging 医学-老年医学
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
7.10%
发文量
68
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Drugs & Aging delivers essential information on the most important aspects of drug therapy to professionals involved in the care of the elderly. The journal addresses in a timely way the major issues relating to drug therapy in older adults including: the management of specific diseases, particularly those associated with aging, age-related physiological changes impacting drug therapy, drug utilization and prescribing in the elderly, polypharmacy and drug interactions.
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