Equity and the operational considerations of the kidney transplant allocation system.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Demonstrate the impact of allocation system design on access to the waitlist and transplantation for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).

Recent findings: Minoritized groups are more likely to be declined from transplant listing owing to psychosocial criteria. Lack of consistent definitions, screening tools with differential subgroup validity, and insufficient evidence-base contribute to concerns about reliance on psychosocial factors in transplant listing decisions.

Summary: Although kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment choice, a shrinking proportion of prevalent patients are waitlisted for this option in the United States, even among our youngest ESKD patients. Recent HRSA proposals to expand data collection to encompass the prewaitlisting process suggest a timely need to capture additional data on transplant referrals to improve access to transplantation. In 2021, KAS250 was implemented in response to concerns of geographic inequities in transplant rates. However, updates to this system have also resulted in a dramatic rise in organ offers, the number of offers needed to successfully place an organ and lowered utilization rates. Since KAS250, the use of alternative pathways to improve organ utilization rates, such as out-of-sequence placements has increased dramatically across the organ quality spectrum and risk exacerbating disparities in access to transplant. Additionally, the current absence of meaningful oversight risks undermining the perception of the transplant system as an objective process.

Summary: There is a need for a more robust evaluation of recent iterative changes in waitlist and organ allocation practices to ensure equity in access for our most vulnerable patients.