GIS-based spatial assessment of water quality, soil, and plant: a case study of Darawat Dam Sindh, Pakistan

IF 2.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani, Muhammad Yar Khuhawar, Rafi-O.-zaman Brohi, Waheed Ali Soomro, Abdul Hameed Lanjwani, Muhammad Umar Lanjwani
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Abstract

This study applied integrated statistical approaches, including GIS mapping and the water quality index (WQI), to assess the quality of water, soil, and plant samples which collected from Darawat Dam, Sindh, Pakistan. The samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and metal analyses. Results of cations in water samples were in the range Na+ 26.74 to 39.67 mg/L, K+ 0.92 to 2.89 mg/L, Ca2+ 28.67 to 39.45, and Mg2+ 19.67 to 34.43 mg/L. The values of Cl in water samples were 44.54 to 61.26 mg/L, sulfate 27.11 to 46.45 mg/L, and bicarbonate (HCO3) 100 to 135 mg/L. The results of major and trace elements in soil samples were varied for Na+ 1259–1781 mg/kg, K+ 306–498 mg/kg, Ca2+ 689–1093 mg/kg, Mg2+ 357–795 mg/kg, Zn 194–235 mg/kg, Fe 124–242 mg/kg, Cu 25.34–33.56 mg/kg, Co 19.45–27.32 mg/kg, Mn 97.83–131 mg/kg, Ni 39.65–52.44 mg/kg, Cr 69.64–83.65 mg/kg, Cd 3.98–8.66 mg/kg, and Pb 5.34–9.62 mg/kg respectively. The major and trace elements in plant samples were varied from Na+ 3456 to 5016 mg/kg, K+ 1197 to 1654 mg/kg, Ca2+ 2367 to 2892 mg/kg, Mg2+ 1429 to 1686 mg/kg, Zn 132 to 155 mg/kg, Fe 255 to 354 mg/kg, Cu 19.54 to 28.56 mg/kg, Co 11.64 to 14.65 mg/kg, Mn 23.54 to 34.78 mg/kg, Ni 8.44 to 11.03 mg/kg, Cr 6.34 to 9.55 mg/kg, Cd 0.43 to 0.93 mg/kg, and Pb 4.33 to 6.59 mg/kg. The GIS maps were drawn for TDS, Cl, Na+, heavy metals Cr, Cd, and WQI and these graphs showed that most of the water samples of Darawat Dam is good for human consumption. The results of electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved salts (TDS) of water samples were found to be from 648 to 753 µS/cm and 414 to 482 mg/L. The Darawat Dam water samples were good for drinking as well as irrigation based on the results of water quality parameters. The WQI specified that 100% of samples were excellent to good for water quality for drinking. The 100% samples were also excellent for crops. The scatter diagram disclosed that weathering and ion exchange were chief processes. The Gibbs diagram revealed that all samples showed rock dominance which confirmed the dissolution of rock as the main source for the water quality of the Dam. The hydrogeochemical facies (Piper diagram) showed that sample points were gathered in the center of the diagram which indicated mixed type water with no particular parameter effluents the water quality.

Abstract Image

基于gis的水质、土壤和植物空间评价:以巴基斯坦信德省达拉瓦特大坝为例
本研究采用综合统计方法,包括GIS制图和水质指数(WQI),评估了从巴基斯坦信德省达拉瓦特大坝收集的水、土壤和植物样本的质量。对样品进行了理化参数分析和金属分析。水样中阳离子含量Na+ 26.74 ~ 39.67 mg/L, K+ 0.92 ~ 2.89 mg/L, Ca2+ 28.67 ~ 39.45, Mg2+ 19.67 ~ 34.43 mg/L。水样中Cl−的值为44.54 ~ 61.26 mg/L,硫酸盐的值为27.11 ~ 46.45 mg/L,碳酸氢盐(HCO3−)的值为100 ~ 135 mg/L。土壤样品中主微量元素含量分别为Na+ 1259 ~ 1781 mg/kg、K+ 306 ~ 498 mg/kg、Ca2+ 689 ~ 1093 mg/kg、Mg2+ 357 ~ 795 mg/kg、Zn 194 ~ 235 mg/kg、Fe 124 ~ 242 mg/kg、Cu 25.34 ~ 33.56 mg/kg、Co 19.45 ~ 27.32 mg/kg、Mn 97.83 ~ 131 mg/kg、Ni 39.65 ~ 52.44 mg/kg、Cr 69.64 ~ 83.65 mg/kg、Cd 3.98 ~ 8.66 mg/kg、Pb 5.34 ~ 9.62 mg/kg。植物样品中主微量元素Na+ 3456 ~ 5016 mg/kg、K+ 1197 ~ 1654 mg/kg、Ca2+ 2367 ~ 2892 mg/kg、Mg2+ 1429 ~ 1686 mg/kg、Zn 132 ~ 155 mg/kg、Fe 255 ~ 354 mg/kg、Cu 19.54 ~ 28.56 mg/kg、Co 11.64 ~ 14.65 mg/kg、Mn 23.54 ~ 34.78 mg/kg、Ni 8.44 ~ 11.03 mg/kg、Cr 6.34 ~ 9.55 mg/kg、Cd 0.43 ~ 0.93 mg/kg、Pb 4.33 ~ 6.59 mg/kg。绘制了TDS、Cl−、Na+、Cr、Cd、WQI等重金属的GIS图谱,结果表明,达拉笏大坝水样中大部分水质适宜人类饮用。水样电导率(EC)和总溶解盐(TDS)分别为648 ~ 753µS/cm和414 ~ 482 mg/L。从水质参数分析结果看,达拉笏大坝水样既可饮用又可灌溉。水质指数规定100%的样本为优良至良好的饮用水水质。100%的样品对农作物也很好。散点图显示,风化和离子交换是主要过程。吉布斯图显示,所有样品均以岩石为主,证实了岩石溶蚀是大坝水质的主要来源。水文地球化学相(Piper图)显示,样品点集中在图的中心,表明没有特定参数的混合型水流出水质。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
6.70%
发文量
1000
审稿时长
7.3 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment emphasizes technical developments and data arising from environmental monitoring and assessment, the use of scientific principles in the design of monitoring systems at the local, regional and global scales, and the use of monitoring data in assessing the consequences of natural resource management actions and pollution risks to man and the environment.
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