Mechanochemistry for On-Demand Polymer Network Materials

IF 5.1 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Macromolecules Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1021/acs.macromol.4c02293

Zhi Jian Wang, Jian Ping Gong

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Abstract

Contemporary polymer network materials, such as hydrogels and elastomers, require not only enhanced mechanical properties but also adaptability during or after use. Polymer mechanochemistry, which utilizes mechanical force to induce chemical reactions within polymers, has shown great potential in meeting these demands. This Perspective will explore how mechanophores, when integrated into polymer networks, can regulate microscale fracture pathways, either strengthening or weakening the materials. Additionally, it will examine how force-induced bond scission can trigger additional chemical reactions to adaptively adjust the polymer structures for on-demand functions. These force-activated chemical reactions could lead to strategies for strengthening, reshaping, and patterning materials through polymer growth, or, conversely, result in extensive bond scission and material degradation. The Perspective will also highlight the great potential of tough double network hydrogels as mechanochemical materials that can use mechanical energy to drive chemical reactions in an efficient and controllable manner. This opens up new possibilities for developing force-triggered “living materials” similar to biological systems.

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按需聚合物网络材料的机械化学

当代聚合物网络材料，如水凝胶和弹性体，不仅需要增强机械性能，而且需要在使用过程中或使用后的适应性。聚合物机械化学，利用机械力来诱导聚合物内部的化学反应，在满足这些需求方面显示出巨大的潜力。本展望将探讨当机械载体整合到聚合物网络中时，如何调节微尺度断裂路径，增强或削弱材料。此外，它还将研究力诱导的键断裂如何触发额外的化学反应，以自适应地调整聚合物结构以实现按需功能。这些力激活的化学反应可以通过聚合物生长产生强化、重塑和图案化材料的策略，或者相反，导致广泛的键断裂和材料降解。展望还将强调坚韧的双网水凝胶作为机械化学材料的巨大潜力，可以利用机械能以有效和可控的方式驱动化学反应。这为开发类似生物系统的力触发“活材料”开辟了新的可能性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Macromolecules 工程技术-高分子科学

CiteScore

9.30

自引率

16.40%

发文量

942

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Macromolecules publishes original, fundamental, and impactful research on all aspects of polymer science. Topics of interest include synthesis (e.g., controlled polymerizations, polymerization catalysis, post polymerization modification, new monomer structures and polymer architectures, and polymerization mechanisms/kinetics analysis); phase behavior, thermodynamics, dynamic, and ordering/disordering phenomena (e.g., self-assembly, gelation, crystallization, solution/melt/solid-state characteristics); structure and properties (e.g., mechanical and rheological properties, surface/interfacial characteristics, electronic and transport properties); new state of the art characterization (e.g., spectroscopy, scattering, microscopy, rheology), simulation (e.g., Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics, multi-scale/coarse-grained modeling), and theoretical methods. Renewable/sustainable polymers, polymer networks, responsive polymers, electro-, magneto- and opto-active macromolecules, inorganic polymers, charge-transporting polymers (ion-containing, semiconducting, and conducting), nanostructured polymers, and polymer composites are also of interest. Typical papers published in Macromolecules showcase important and innovative concepts, experimental methods/observations, and theoretical/computational approaches that demonstrate a fundamental advance in the understanding of polymers.