Latitudinal influences on sound scattering layer characteristics in the Southwestern Indian Ocean: insights into oceanographic environmental interactions

IF 2.8 2区 生物学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
Myounghee Kang, Fredrich Simanungkalit, Dongha Kang, Jihoon Jung, Joohyang Kim, Somang Song, Yeseul Kim, Dong-Jin Kang, SungHyun Nam
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Abstract

Sound scattering layers (SSLs) are vital components of marine ecosystems, yet their morphometric and distributional characteristics remain understudied. This study investigates the SSL core in the southwestern Indian Ocean using a 38 kHz echosounder, focusing on its attributes across latitudinal gradients (20–4°S, 65°E) and three depth layers: epipelagic (0–100 m), intermediate (100–300 m), and mesopelagic (300–600 m). Our findings reveal the highest average acoustic values in the epipelagic layer (–72.9 dB), followed by the mesopelagic layer (–77.8 dB) and the intermediate layer (–82.5 dB). The SSL core was more prominent in northern latitudes (NLS) and showed greater depth variability in southern latitudes (SLS), with vertical profile peaks at 42.2 m and 431.1 m. In the NLS, the SSL core was longer (18,358 m &gt; 6,788 m), thicker (13.8 m &gt; 11.7 m), and more concentrated (aggregation index: 0.0053 m−1 &gt; 0.004 m−1), as well as more dispersed from the center (inertia: 269.9 m² &gt; 112.7 m²). Notably, depth and acoustic fluctuations were more pronounced over circadian cycles in the SLS than in the NLS. Multiple regression analysis revealed that oceanographic factors influencing acoustic values varied by depth, highlighting the complex interactions within SSL ecosystems. These insights enhance our understanding of SSL dynamics and their implications for long-term monitoring and climate influence assessment.
西南印度洋声散射层特征的纬向影响:对海洋环境相互作用的洞察
声散射层是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,但其形态特征和分布特征仍未得到充分研究。本文利用38 kHz回声测深仪对印度洋西南海域的SSL岩心进行了研究,重点研究了其在纬度梯度(20-4°S, 65°E)和三个深度层(上层(0-100 m)、中层(100-300 m)和中层(300-600 m)上的声学属性。结果表明,平均声学值最高的是上层(-72.9 dB),其次是中层(-77.8 dB)和中层(-82.5 dB)。南纬(SLS)深度变异性较大,垂直剖面峰值分别为42.2 m和431.1 m。在NLS中,SSL岩心较长(18,358 m >;6,788 m),较厚(13.8 m >;11.7 m),更集中(聚集指数:0.0053 m−1 >;0.004 m−1),以及更分散的中心(惯性:269.9 m²>;112.7 m²)。值得注意的是,在SLS中,深度和声学波动在昼夜周期中比在NLS中更为明显。多元回归分析显示,影响声值的海洋因子随深度的变化而变化,突出了SSL生态系统内部复杂的相互作用。这些见解增强了我们对SSL动态及其对长期监测和气候影响评估的影响的理解。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Marine Science
Frontiers in Marine Science Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Aquatic Science
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
16.20%
发文量
2443
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Marine Science publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research that advances our understanding of all aspects of the environment, biology, ecosystem functioning and human interactions with the oceans. Field Chief Editor Carlos M. Duarte at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, policy makers and the public worldwide. With the human population predicted to reach 9 billion people by 2050, it is clear that traditional land resources will not suffice to meet the demand for food or energy, required to support high-quality livelihoods. As a result, the oceans are emerging as a source of untapped assets, with new innovative industries, such as aquaculture, marine biotechnology, marine energy and deep-sea mining growing rapidly under a new era characterized by rapid growth of a blue, ocean-based economy. The sustainability of the blue economy is closely dependent on our knowledge about how to mitigate the impacts of the multiple pressures on the ocean ecosystem associated with the increased scale and diversification of industry operations in the ocean and global human pressures on the environment. Therefore, Frontiers in Marine Science particularly welcomes the communication of research outcomes addressing ocean-based solutions for the emerging challenges, including improved forecasting and observational capacities, understanding biodiversity and ecosystem problems, locally and globally, effective management strategies to maintain ocean health, and an improved capacity to sustainably derive resources from the oceans.
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