Effects of mindfulness-based intervention in preventing relapse in patients with remitted psychosis: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract

Stress is a key factor in psychotic relapse, and mindfulness offers stress resilience and well-being benefits. This study examined the effects of mindfulness-based intervention for psychosis (MBI-p) in preventing relapse at 1 year among patients with remitted psychosis in Hong Kong. MBI-p is a newly developed manual-based mindfulness protocol and was tested to have improved well-being and clinical outcomes in a pilot study with remitted psychosis patients. In this multisite, single-blind, 1-year randomized controlled trial (RCT), 152 fully remitted patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or non-affective psychosis were randomized to receive either a 7-week MBI-p or a 7-week psychoeducation program. Outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention, and then monthly for one year. Relapse rate and severity at one year were the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included psychopathology, functioning, mindfulness, and psychosocial factors such as stress and expressed emotions. No significant differences were found in the rate and severity of relapse between the MBI-p and psychoeducation groups in either intention-to-treat or per-protocol analyses. While MBI-p improved observation and non-reactivity to the inner experience of mindfulness, psychoeducation was found to benefit functioning and psychosocial functioning more than MBI-p. This is the first RCT to test MBI-p's effectiveness in preventing relapse among patients with remitted psychosis in Hong Kong. We postulate that the lack of significance is due to the heightened effectiveness of psychoeducation in coping with stress during the pandemic and the multifactorial causes leading to relapse. This suggests the possibility of combining these two interventions to improve their efficacy. Trial registration: NCT04060498.