Estimating received level in behavioral response studies through the use of ancillary data.

IF 2.1 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ACOUSTICS
Robert S Schick, William R Cioffi, Heather J Foley, John Joseph, Nicholas A Kaney, Tetyana Margolina, Zachary T Swaim, Larry Zheng, Brandon L Southall
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Marine mammals are known to respond to various human noises, including and in certain cases, strongly, to military active sonar. Responses include small and short-term changes in diving behavior, horizontal avoidance of an ensonified area, and mass strandings. Considerable research has been conducted using short-term biologging tags to understand these responses. Yet researchers and managers want a better understanding of responses to sound over longer periods of time in a variety of contexts. The Atlantic Behavioral Response Study examines responses across multiple spatial and temporal scales using vessel-based focal follows, short-term biologging tags, and medium-term satellite transmitting tags. Since the latter do not record sound, we must intersect positions with a sound propagation model to estimate received sound pressure levels. We use all available information from (1) the observed x,y positions from the tag(s) and from focal follow vessels; (2) the discrete depth bin data (z) from the tag; (3) ocean bathymetry; and (4) outputs from sound propagation models. All these disparate streams of data contain varying levels of error in x, y, or z. We account for as much uncertainty as possible and include here a refined approach to better estimate the range of sound levels received by animals.

通过使用辅助数据估计行为反应研究中的接收水平。
众所周知,海洋哺乳动物对各种各样的人类噪音有反应,包括在某些情况下,对军用主动声呐的反应非常强烈。反应包括潜水行为的小而短期的变化,水平避开一个有回声的区域,以及大量搁浅。为了了解这些反应,已经进行了大量使用短期生物标记的研究。然而,研究人员和管理人员希望更好地了解在各种情况下,长时间对声音的反应。大西洋行为反应研究使用基于船只的焦点跟踪,短期生物标记和中期卫星传输标签来检查多个空间和时间尺度的反应。由于后者不记录声音,我们必须将位置与声音传播模型相交,以估计接收到的声压级。我们使用来自(1)从标签和焦点跟随血管观察到的x,y位置的所有可用信息;(2)来自标签的离散深度仓数据(z);(3)海洋测深;(4)声音传播模型的输出。所有这些不同的数据流都包含x、y或z的不同程度的误差。我们尽可能多地考虑不确定性,并在这里包括一种改进的方法,以更好地估计动物接收到的声级范围。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
16.70%
发文量
1433
审稿时长
4.7 months
期刊介绍: Since 1929 The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America has been the leading source of theoretical and experimental research results in the broad interdisciplinary study of sound. Subject coverage includes: linear and nonlinear acoustics; aeroacoustics, underwater sound and acoustical oceanography; ultrasonics and quantum acoustics; architectural and structural acoustics and vibration; speech, music and noise; psychology and physiology of hearing; engineering acoustics, transduction; bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics.
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