Vitalii Solomin , Matthias Liard , Philippe Jubault , Thomas Castanheiro
{"title":"Ball-milling and piezoelectric materials enabled radical trifluoromethylation of enamides and acrylamides†","authors":"Vitalii Solomin , Matthias Liard , Philippe Jubault , Thomas Castanheiro","doi":"10.1039/d4qo01911c","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A mechanochemical radical direct C(sp<sup>2</sup>)–H trifluoromethylation of enamide derivatives was developed using Togni II reagent. Under mechanochemical compression, the use of 0.5 to 1.0 equivalents of piezoelectric materials enabled the solid-state formation of the key CF<sub>3</sub> radical intermediate in mild and sustainable conditions. The use of 0.5 equivalents of piezoelectric materials proved to be just as efficient. The protocol showed a general efficiency and tolerance to multiple functional groups, accessing trifluoromethylated enamides with yields of up to 88% and full stereoselectivity. The reaction conditions were applied to acrylamide substrates, enabling synthesis of trifluoromethylated oxindole derivatives through a radical cascade cyclization initiated from addition of CF<sub>3</sub> radical onto electron-poor C–C double bonds. Radical quenching experiments highlighted a radical mechanism, and control experiments showcased the crucial need to use of piezoelectric materials/ball-milling system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94379,"journal":{"name":"Organic chemistry frontiers : an international journal of organic chemistry","volume":"12 5","pages":"Pages 1467-1473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Organic chemistry frontiers : an international journal of organic chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/org/science/article/pii/S2052412924008921","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
A mechanochemical radical direct C(sp2)–H trifluoromethylation of enamide derivatives was developed using Togni II reagent. Under mechanochemical compression, the use of 0.5 to 1.0 equivalents of piezoelectric materials enabled the solid-state formation of the key CF3 radical intermediate in mild and sustainable conditions. The use of 0.5 equivalents of piezoelectric materials proved to be just as efficient. The protocol showed a general efficiency and tolerance to multiple functional groups, accessing trifluoromethylated enamides with yields of up to 88% and full stereoselectivity. The reaction conditions were applied to acrylamide substrates, enabling synthesis of trifluoromethylated oxindole derivatives through a radical cascade cyclization initiated from addition of CF3 radical onto electron-poor C–C double bonds. Radical quenching experiments highlighted a radical mechanism, and control experiments showcased the crucial need to use of piezoelectric materials/ball-milling system.