Prevalence of HPV infection and anal and cervical cytological abnormalities in transgender people at a referral service in Vitória, Espírito Santo state, Brazil, between 2018 and 2021.

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV and cytological alterations in the transgender population and contribute to the development of public policies.

Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in a transgender outpatient clinic in Vitória, Espírito Santo state, between 2018 and 2021. Data were collected through interviews and information from medical records. Anogenital samples were collected for HPV, trichomoniasis, gonococcus and chlamydia testing, cytology.

Results: Of the 110 participants, 60.9% identified as men and 34.5% as women. The overall prevalence of HPV was 58.3%, being higher in women (48.1%). Among men, cervical HPV was positive in 38%, and anal HPV in 25%, with cytological abnormalities found in 9.5%. Abnormal anal cytology was observed in 23.5% of women. Other sexually transmitted infections: chlamydia (4.1%), trichomoniasis (12.5%) and no cases of gonorrhea.

Conclusion: HPV is a prevalent infection with risks for cytological abnormalities in the transgender population, and further studies on prevalence and impacts on sexual health are needed to support screening and prevention policies.

Main results: Transgender people are susceptible to sexually transmitted infections, with a high prevalence of HPV and, consequently, present cytological abnormalities in the anal and cervical regions, which pose a risk for the development of anogenital neoplasia.

Implications for services: This is an invisible population, often absent from health services due to prejudice and stigma. Data on the health of this population contributes to the formulation of inclusive policies for the prevention, screening and diagnosis of STIs and anogenital neoplasia .

Perspectives: Increased support are for further studies on STIs and anogenital neoplasia in the transgender population is needed, through investments in specialized outpatient clinics and research groups, so that public policies can be discussed and implemented.