DDT and Its Metabolites in Ethiopian Aquatic Ecosystems: Environmental and Health Implications.

IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Environmental Health Insights Pub Date : 2024-12-16 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1177/11786302241307471

Bealemlay Abebe Melake, Tamagnu Sintie Alamirew, Salie Mulat Endalew

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Despite its significant application, DDT and its metabolites pose a potential threat to the environment. Therefore, data on environmental and health concerns must thus be investigated.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the environmental and human health risks posed by DDT and its metabolites in Ethiopian surface waters.

Methods: The total amount of DDT and its metabolites consumed as a sum (∑DDT) is calculated by considering their equivalent toxicity. To calculate the human risk from drinking contaminated water, the maximum concentrations in all of Ethiopia's surface waterways were pooled. The average concentration values were added to calculate the human risk from consuming fish contaminated with ∑DDT. Similarly, ∑DDT residues in water can be used to predict the potential environmental risk.

Results: A higher level of ∑DDT in surface water was detected in Gilgel Gibe I hydroelectric dam reservoir and its tributaries with an average concentration of 640 ng/l. There is no health risk associated with drinking these surface waters because the concentrations of ∑DDT were below the WHO's recommended level. In fish samples, B. intermedius accumulated a higher level of ∑DDT (21.47 ng/g ww). With the exception of local infants, ∑DDT does not pose a non-carcinogenic risk to any age group. However, consuming fish contaminated with ∑DDT poses an unacceptable risk of cancer to all age categories. The risk posed by ∑DDT on aquatic species is highly likely. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) value indicates that fish tissue does not absorb ∑DDT directly from the water.

Conclusion: The prevalence of ∑DDT would link to both historical pollution and their current application in vector control. Ecosystems are frequently exposed to chemical mixes later in life; thus, rather than focusing on the ideal case of exposure to a single toxin, future studies can examine the mixture toxicity of numerous organic contaminants.

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埃塞俄比亚水生生态系统中的滴滴涕及其代谢物：环境和健康影响。

背景：滴滴涕及其代谢物虽有广泛的应用，但仍对环境构成潜在威胁。因此，必须对有关环境和健康问题的数据进行调查。目的：本研究的目的是评估滴滴涕及其代谢物在埃塞俄比亚地表水中造成的环境和人类健康风险。方法：考虑DDT及其代谢物的当量毒性，计算其总消耗量（∑DDT）。为了计算饮用受污染的水对人类的危害，汇集了埃塞俄比亚所有地表水的最大浓度。将平均浓度相加，计算∑DDT污染鱼类的人体风险。同样，水中的∑DDT残留量也可以用来预测潜在的环境风险。结果：Gilgel Gibe I水电站水库及其支流地表水中∑DDT浓度较高，平均浓度为640 ng/l。饮用这些地表水没有健康风险，因为∑DDT的浓度低于世界卫生组织的建议水平。在鱼类样品中，中间芽孢杆菌积累的∑DDT含量较高（21.47 ng/g ww）。除本地婴儿外，∑DDT不会对任何年龄组构成非致癌风险。然而，食用被∑DDT污染的鱼类对所有年龄段的人都构成不可接受的癌症风险。∑DDT极有可能对水生物种造成危害。生物积累因子（BAF）值表明，鱼类组织不直接从水中吸收∑DDT。结论：∑DDT的流行与历史污染和目前在病媒控制中的应用有关。在生命后期，生态系统经常暴露于化学混合物中；因此，未来的研究可以研究多种有机污染物的混合毒性，而不是集中在暴露于单一毒素的理想情况下。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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