Soil CO2 efflux response to two decades of altered carbon inputs in a temperate coniferous forest

Abstract

Global soils play a critical role in carbon (C) cycling and storage, and even minor disturbances to soil C flux can cause CO₂ release to the atmosphere, exacerbating the greenhouse effect. This study investigates the long-term effects of forest detrital manipulation on soil CO₂ efflux at a temperate forest site in Oregon’s western Cascade Mountains. We assessed the variation in seasonal and diurnal autotrophic and heterotrophic contributions to in situ soil CO₂ efflux after 25 + years of detritus additions and removals and found slight increases in soil CO₂ efflux rates concurrent with slight increases in soil C stocks, relative to C input rates, that may reflect underlying changes to C cycling in this system resulting from sustained detritus manipulation coupled with environmental change. Total CO₂ efflux experienced increased contributions from functionally autotrophic root and rhizosphere respiration relative to the heterotrophic component. Seasonal and diurnal differences between soil respiration rates by treatment suggest a soil moisture buffering effect provided by the extra woody detritus that may support vegetative growth at times when seasonal drought would ordinarily slow plant and soil microbial metabolic activity. Overall, this research highlights the long-term effects of sustained litter additions and removals on soil CO₂ efflux, which can help illuminate the response of C cycling in forests to current and future global change.