Multinonmetal-Doped V2O5 Nanocomposites for Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are critical for portable electronics and electric vehicles, demanding higher energy density to meet increasing energy storage needs. Current commercial cathode materials, such as LiFePO₄ and LiCoO₂, are limited by a single electron transfer, restricting their energy density. Vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) emerges as a promising high-capacity cathode due to its high theoretical capacity of 443 mA h g^–1 with three Li storage capacities, significantly surpassing conventional materials. However, the practical application of V₂O₅ is hindered by a large structural evolution and rapid capacity fading during full lithium intercalation. This study introduces a multinonmetal doping (MNM) strategy to enhance V₂O₅ cathodes by incorporating all-nonmetal dopants (B, P, and Si) and graphene (G). MNM-V₂O₅-G exhibits increased surface oxygen defects, improving charge transfer kinetics and thus enhancing the rate performance and cycling stability. Our results provide valuable insights into the role of surface oxygen defects in stabilizing V₂O₅ with element doping. This research highlights the potential of multinonmetal doping to improve LIB cathode materials, offering a promising pathway for design of high-energy-density V₂O₅ cathodes and advancing the development of next-generation energy storage solutions.