Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Effect of Total Glycosides of Cistanche deserticola and Investigation of Novel Brain-Targeting Natural MAO-B Inhibitors

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the role of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola (TC) in MPTP-induced neuronal injury. Further, we screened potential inhibitory components of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). The study results indicate that TC may improve movement disorders and apoptosis of dopamine (DA) neurons by inhibiting MAO-B activity while reducing the number of glial cells, adjusting the metabolism level of monoamine neurotransmitters, and lowering inflammation and oxidative stress levels. Subsequently, a rapid screening method for drug-containing brain tissue was further constructed, and five candidate components that can cross the blood–brain barrier and bind to MAO-B were screened and submitted for biological activity evaluation and inhibition mechanism research. In summary, we discovered 2′-acetylacteoside as a promising and reversible mixed natural MAO-B inhibitor in TC and developed a rapid screening method for screening central nervous system drugs with blood–brain barrier permeability characteristics, providing potential candidates and an effective screening strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.