Efficacy of lipid nanoparticles-based vaccine to protect against vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC): Implications for women's reproductive health.

IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
Masood Alam Khan, Ayman M Mousa, Arwa Essa Alradhi, Khaled Allemailem
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Abstract

Aims: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common women's health issue, with rising antifungal resistance. This study was aimed to prepare and evaluate the efficacy of a lipid nanoparticle-based vaccine in a murine model of VVC.

Materials and methods: Dried and reconstituted vesicles containing C. albicans antigens (DRNPs-Ca-Ags) vaccine, formulated with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol-based lipid nanoparticles via film hydration and freeze-drying. The safety evaluation of DRNPs-CaAgs was conducted by determining hepatic (AST, ALT) or renal (BUN, creatinine) biomarkers. Female mice were immunized with DRNPs-CaAgs or Alum-CaAgs, and immune responses were evaluated via antibody titers, IgG isotypes, and splenocyte proliferation. Protective efficacy of vaccine formulations was assessed through fungal burden, biofilm formation, cytokine levels, and histopathological analysis of vaginal tissues.

Key findings: Mice vaccinated with DRNPs-CaAgs showed significantly enhanced immune responses, with higher antibody titers and IgG2a levels as compared to the Alum-CaAgs group. Vaginal fungal burden was dramatically reduced (665 ± 78 CFUs in DRNPs-CaAgs immunized group vs. 12,944 ± 3540 CFUs in Alum-CaAgs group, p < 0.01). Biofilm formation decreased by 45 % (p < 0.05), and inflammatory cytokines were significantly lowered. Histopathological analysis revealed minimal tissue damage in DRNPs-CaAgs vaccinated mice.

Significance: The findings suggest DRNPs-CaAgs as a promising vaccine for VVC, eliciting strong immunity, reducing fungal load, and minimizing inflammation. While the reliance on a murine model is a limitation, future clinical trials are essential to evaluate its efficacy and safety in humans, offering a potential strategy to combat drug-resistant infections and improve women's reproductive health.

基于纳米脂质颗粒的疫苗对预防外阴阴道念珠菌病(VVC)的功效:对妇女生殖健康的影响。
目的:外阴阴道念珠菌病(VVC)是一种常见的妇女健康问题,其抗真菌耐药性不断上升。本研究旨在制备一种基于脂质纳米颗粒的疫苗,并评估其在小鼠 VVC 模型中的疗效:含有白僵菌抗原的干燥重组囊泡疫苗(DRNPs-Ca-Ags)由磷脂酰胆碱和胆固醇脂质纳米颗粒通过薄膜水合和冷冻干燥配制而成。DRNPs-CaAgs 的安全性评估是通过测定肝脏(谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶)或肾脏(尿素氮、肌酐)生物标志物进行的。用 DRNPs-CaAgs 或明矾-CaAgs 对雌性小鼠进行免疫接种,并通过抗体滴度、IgG 异型和脾细胞增殖评估免疫反应。通过真菌负担、生物膜形成、细胞因子水平和阴道组织的组织病理学分析来评估疫苗配方的保护效果:与明矾-CaAgs组相比,接种DRNPs-CaAgs的小鼠免疫反应明显增强,抗体滴度和IgG2a水平更高。阴道真菌负荷大幅减少(DRNPs-CaAgs 免疫组为 665 ± 78 CFUs,而明矾-CaAgs 组为 12,944 ± 3540 CFUs,p):研究结果表明,DRNPs-CaAgs 是一种很有前途的治疗 VVC 的疫苗,它能激发强大的免疫力、减少真菌数量并将炎症降至最低。虽然对小鼠模型的依赖是一个局限,但未来的临床试验对评估其在人体中的有效性和安全性至关重要,这将为抗击耐药感染和改善女性生殖健康提供一种潜在的策略。
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来源期刊
Life sciences
Life sciences 医学-药学
CiteScore
12.20
自引率
1.60%
发文量
841
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Life Sciences is an international journal publishing articles that emphasize the molecular, cellular, and functional basis of therapy. The journal emphasizes the understanding of mechanism that is relevant to all aspects of human disease and translation to patients. All articles are rigorously reviewed. The Journal favors publication of full-length papers where modern scientific technologies are used to explain molecular, cellular and physiological mechanisms. Articles that merely report observations are rarely accepted. Recommendations from the Declaration of Helsinki or NIH guidelines for care and use of laboratory animals must be adhered to. Articles should be written at a level accessible to readers who are non-specialists in the topic of the article themselves, but who are interested in the research. The Journal welcomes reviews on topics of wide interest to investigators in the life sciences. We particularly encourage submission of brief, focused reviews containing high-quality artwork and require the use of mechanistic summary diagrams.
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