Maximizing hand function following zone II flexor tendon repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis of rehabilitation strategies.

Abstract

Introduction: Injuries to the flexor tendons of the hand pose significant challenges in both surgical repair and postoperative rehabilitation. Despite advancements in techniques, there remains uncertainty about the most effective postoperative rehabilitation protocol/strategy. This study aims to address this debatable issue by evaluating different rehabilitation protocols following surgical repair in zone II flexor tendon repair.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines, searching databases up to December 2023. Inclusion criteria covered studies on zone II flexor tendon repair in adults, with various rehabilitation strategies and hand function as primary outcomes. Data extraction and bias assessment employed predefined tools.

Results: Among 916 initial articles, 28 met the inclusion criteria. Published from 1980 to 2023, these studies involved 1414 patients, predominantly affecting the little, index, and middle fingers. Various suture techniques and materials were used, with early active and passive motion as primary rehabilitation protocols.

Conclusion: This review highlights early active and passive motion as common postoperative rehabilitation strategies for zone II flexor tendon repair. While active motion showed greater range of motion improvement, both protocols had comparable reoperation rates and grip strength outcomes. Future research should focus on refining protocols and assessing long-term outcomes to optimize patient care.