Hippocampal damage through foreign body placement in organotypic cultures leads to plastic responses in newly born granule cells.

IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY
Neural Regeneration Research Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-07 DOI:10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00783
Tassilo Jungenitz, Lukas Frey, Sophia Kirscht, Stephan W Schwarzacher, Angélica Zepeda
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202603000-00038/figure1/v/2025-06-16T082406Z/r/image-tiff The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a plastic structure that displays modifications at different levels in response to positive stimuli as well as to negative conditions such as brain damage. The latter involves global alterations, making understanding plastic responses triggered by local damage difficult. One key feature of the dentate gyrus is that it contains a well-defined neurogenic niche, the subgranular zone, and beyond neurogenesis, newly born granule cells may maintain a "young" phenotype throughout life, adding to the plastic nature of the structure. Here, we present a novel experimental model of local brain damage in organotypic entorhino-hippocampal cultures that results in the activation of adjacent newly born granule cells. A small piece of filter paper was placed on the surface of the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, which evoked a foreign body reaction of astrocytes, along with the activation of local young neurons expressing doublecortin. Forty-eight hours after foreign body placement, the number of doublecortin-immunoreactive cells increased in the subgranular zone in the direct vicinity of the foreign body, whereas overall increased doublecortin immunoreactivity was observed in the granule cell layer and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Foreign body placement in the pyramidal layer of the CA1 region evoked a comparable local astroglial reaction but did not lead to an increase in doublecortin-immunoreactive in either the CA1 region or the adjacent dentate gyrus. Seven days after foreign body placement in the dentate gyrus, the increase in doublecortin-immunoreactivity was no longer observed, indicating the transient activation of young cells. However, 7 days after foreign body placement, the number of doublecortin-immunoreactive granule cells coimmunoreactive for calbindin was lower than that under the control conditions. As calbindin is a marker for mature granule cells, this result suggests that activated young cells remain at a more immature stage following foreign body placement. Live imaging of retrovirally green fluorescent protein-labeled newly born granule cells revealed the orientation and growth of their dendrites toward the foreign body placement. This novel experimental model of foreign body placement in organotypic entorhino-hippocampal cultures could serve as a valuable tool for studying both glial reactivity and neuronal plasticity, specifically of newly born neurons under controlled in vitro conditions.

在器官型培养中,通过异物放置海马损伤导致新生颗粒细胞的可塑性反应。
海马体的齿状回是一种可塑性结构,在积极刺激和消极条件(如脑损伤)的反应中表现出不同程度的变化。后者涉及全球变化,使得理解局部损伤引发的塑性反应变得困难。齿状回的一个关键特征是它包含一个定义明确的神经发生生态位,亚颗粒区,并且在神经发生之外,新生的颗粒细胞可能在整个生命中保持“年轻”的表型,增加了结构的可塑性。在这里,我们提出了一种新的实验模型,在器官型小肠-海马培养中局部脑损伤导致邻近新生颗粒细胞的激活。在齿状回颗粒细胞层表面放置一小块滤纸,引起星形胶质细胞的异物反应,同时激活表达双皮质素的局部年轻神经元。在异物放置48小时后,直接靠近异物的亚颗粒区双皮质素免疫反应细胞数量增加,而齿状回颗粒细胞层和分子层双皮质素免疫反应性总体增加。在CA1区锥体层放置异物引起了类似的局部星形胶质反应,但没有导致CA1区或邻近齿状回双皮质素免疫反应的增加。在齿状回放置异物7天后,双皮质素免疫反应性的增加不再观察到,表明年轻细胞的短暂激活。然而,在异物放置7天后,双皮质素免疫反应性颗粒细胞对钙结合蛋白共免疫反应的数量低于对照组。由于钙结合蛋白是成熟颗粒细胞的标记物,这一结果表明,被激活的年轻细胞在异物植入后仍处于更不成熟的阶段。逆转录病毒绿色荧光蛋白标记的新生颗粒细胞的实时成像显示其树突朝向异物放置的方向和生长。这个新的实验模型可以作为研究神经胶质反应性和神经元可塑性的有价值的工具,特别是在体外条件下研究新生神经元。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Neural Regeneration Research
Neural Regeneration Research CELL BIOLOGY-NEUROSCIENCES
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
9.80%
发文量
515
审稿时长
1.0 months
期刊介绍: Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is the Open Access journal specializing in neural regeneration and indexed by SCI-E and PubMed. The journal is committed to publishing articles on basic pathobiology of injury, repair and protection to the nervous system, while considering preclinical and clinical trials targeted at improving traumatically injuried patients and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
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