Mannan-, VLP-, and flagellin-based adjuvants for allergen specific immunotherapy: a review of the current literature

IF 1.1 Q4 ALLERGY

Allergo Journal Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI:10.1007/s15007-024-6396-9

Clara Pignard, Hannah Schiller, Alisa Seyffer, Stefan Schülke

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) with active ingredients derived from the causative allergen source is the only disease-modifying treatment for allergic patients. However, compared to, e. g., live-attenuated vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases, purified allergens for AIT in many cases display only a low immunogenicity. This reduces treatment efficacy and prolongs treatment duration. Here, adjuvants may be a promising tool, allowing for dose reduction of the respective allergen while increasing immunogenicity of co-applied allergens and/or modulating allergen-specific immune responses toward T helper 1 (Th1) or regulatory phenotypes or the production of blocking antibody isotypes. Currently available adjuvants can be distinguished into first-generation adjuvants (promoting immune responses via aggregation and controlled release of co-applied allergens from a depot) and second-generation adjuvants (triggering immune responses via the activation of pattern recognition receptors expressed by immune cells). This review summarizes the mechanisms and effects of adjuvants currently or previously used for AIT (aluminum hydroxide, calcium phosphate, microcrystalline tyrosine, and monophosphoryl lipid A [MPLA]) and focuses on novel developments using mannan-, virus-like particle(VLP)-, and flagellin-based adjuvants and therapeutics for the treatment of allergic diseases.

Cite this as Pignard C, Schiller H, Seyffer A, Schülke S. Mannan-, VLP-, and flagellin-based adjuvants for allergen specific immunotherapy: a review of the current literature. Allergo J Int 2024;33:289-303

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-024-00298-5

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甘露聚糖、VLP和鞭毛蛋白为基础的佐剂用于过敏原特异性免疫治疗：当前文献综述

目前，过敏原特异性免疫疗法（AIT）的活性成分来源于致敏原来源是唯一的治疗过敏患者的疾病改善。然而，与用于预防传染病的减毒活疫苗相比，用于AIT的纯化过敏原在许多情况下仅表现出低免疫原性。这降低了治疗效果，延长了治疗时间。在这里，佐剂可能是一个很有前途的工具，允许减少各自过敏原的剂量，同时增加共同应用过敏原的免疫原性和/或调节过敏原对辅助性T细胞1 （Th1）的特异性免疫反应或调节表型或产生阻断抗体同型。目前可用的佐剂可分为第一代佐剂（通过聚集和控制释放来自仓库的共同应用的过敏原来促进免疫反应）和第二代佐剂（通过激活免疫细胞表达的模式识别受体来触发免疫反应）。本文综述了目前或以前用于AIT的佐剂（氢氧化铝、磷酸钙、微晶酪氨酸和单磷酰脂质A [MPLA]）的机制和作用，并重点介绍了甘露聚糖、病毒样颗粒（VLP）和鞭毛蛋白为基础的佐剂和治疗方法在过敏性疾病治疗中的新进展。引用本文为Pignard C， Schiller H, Seyffer A, sch lke S. Mannan-， VLP-和鞭毛蛋白为基础的佐剂用于过敏原特异性免疫治疗：当前文献综述。[J] .中国生物医学工程学报（英文版）；2009;33:389 - 393

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来源期刊

Allergo Journal ALLERGY-

自引率

18.20%

发文量

175

期刊介绍： The Allergo Journal publishes original articles, reviews and case reports, guidelines and position papers in German and English. The topics concern allergological and immunological clinical pictures, current developments in diagnosis and therapy, research work concerning antigens and allergens and aspects related to occupational and environmental medicine. The quality of the contributions is guaranteed by an international board of editors; all contributions will be reviewed by at least two independent peers.