PUA-Net: end-to-end information hiding network based on structural re-parameterization

IF 3.4 2区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Feng Lin, Ru Xue, Shi Dong, Fuhao Ding, Yixin Han
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Image hiding aims to secretly embed secret information into a cover image and then recover the hidden data with minimal or no loss at the receiving end. Many works on steganography and deep learning have proved the huge prospects of deep learning in the field of image information hiding. However, current deep learning-based steganography research exposes significant limits, among which key issues such as how to improve embedding capacity, imperceptibility, and robustness remain crucial for image-hiding tasks. This article introduces PUA-Net, a new end-to-end neural network model for image steganography. PUA-Net consists of three main components: 1) the CbDw attention module, 2) the attention gate module, and 3) the partial combination convolution module. Each of these components utilizes structural reparameterization operations. In addition, we propose a residual image minimization loss function and use a combination of loss functions based on this loss function. This model can seamlessly embed bit stream information of different capacities into images to generate stego images that are imperceptible to the human eye. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our model, achieving an RS-BPP of 5.98 when decoding the extracted secret information and recovering the cover image. When only the extracted secret information is output, the model achieves a maximum RS-BPP of 6.94. Finally, experimental results show that our PUA-Net model outperforms deep learning-based steganography approaches on COCO, ImageNet, and BOSSbase datasets, including GAN-based methods such as Stegastamp and SteganoGAN.

Abstract Image

基于结构重参数化的端到端信息隐藏网络
图像隐藏的目的是将秘密信息秘密地嵌入到封面图像中,然后在接收端以最小的损失或没有损失的情况下恢复隐藏的数据。许多关于隐写和深度学习的研究已经证明了深度学习在图像信息隐藏领域的巨大前景。然而,目前基于深度学习的隐写研究暴露出明显的局限性,其中如何提高嵌入容量、不可感知性和鲁棒性等关键问题仍然是图像隐藏任务的关键。本文介绍了一种新的端到端图像隐写神经网络模型PUA-Net。PUA-Net由三个主要部分组成:1)CbDw注意模块,2)注意门模块,3)部分组合卷积模块。每个组件都利用结构参数化操作。此外,我们提出了残差图像最小化损失函数,并使用基于该损失函数的损失函数组合。该模型可以将不同容量的比特流信息无缝嵌入到图像中,生成人眼无法感知的隐写图像。实验结果证实了该模型的有效性,在对提取的秘密信息进行解码和恢复封面图像时,RS-BPP达到5.98。当只输出提取的秘密信息时,模型的最大RS-BPP为6.94。最后,实验结果表明,我们的PUA-Net模型在COCO、ImageNet和BOSSbase数据集上优于基于深度学习的隐写方法,包括基于gan的方法,如Stegastamp和SteganoGAN。
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来源期刊
Applied Intelligence
Applied Intelligence 工程技术-计算机:人工智能
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
20.80%
发文量
1361
审稿时长
5.9 months
期刊介绍: With a focus on research in artificial intelligence and neural networks, this journal addresses issues involving solutions of real-life manufacturing, defense, management, government and industrial problems which are too complex to be solved through conventional approaches and require the simulation of intelligent thought processes, heuristics, applications of knowledge, and distributed and parallel processing. The integration of these multiple approaches in solving complex problems is of particular importance. The journal presents new and original research and technological developments, addressing real and complex issues applicable to difficult problems. It provides a medium for exchanging scientific research and technological achievements accomplished by the international community.
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