Agonism of the glutamate receptor GluK2 suppresses dermal mast cell activation and cutaneous inflammation

Abstract

Activation of dermal mast cells through the Mas-related G protein–coupled receptor B2 receptor (MrgprB2 in mice and MrgprX2 in humans) is a key component of numerous inflammatory skin diseases, including dermatitis and rosacea. Sensory neurons actively suppress mast cell activation through the regulated release of glutamate, resulting in reduced expression of Mrgprb2 as well as genes associated with proteins found in mast cell granules. To determine whether exogenous glutamate receptor agonism could suppress mast cell function, we determined that mast cells have relatively selective expression of the glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 (GluK2). A GluK2-specific agonist, SYM2081, effectively inhibited mast cell degranulation in response to MrgprB2 agonism in both murine mast cells and human skin explants in vitro as well as in vivo after both intradermal and topical administration of SYM2081 to mice. Analyses of transcriptomic datasets from SYM2081-treated mast cells using standard differential expression approaches and an interpretable machine learning technique revealed a previously unrecognized cellular program coordinately regulated by GluK2 agonism. GluK2 agonism suppressed the expression of Mrgprb2 and genes associated with mast cell proliferation. Suppression of mast cell proliferation by SYM2081 exposure was confirmed on the basis of reduced Ki-67 expression and BrdU incorporation in vitro and in vivo. Last, pretreatment with SYM2081 reduced skin inflammation in murine models of dermatitis and rosacea. Thus, agonism of GluK2 represents a promising approach to suppress mast cell activation and may prove beneficial as therapy for inflammatory diseases in which mast cell activation is pathogenic.