Morphological description and molecular characterization of Heterospinus mccordi n. gen. n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from cystacanths infecting a non-native crayfish host, Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae), in South Carolina, USA.
Gregory K Rothman, Kristina M Hill-Spanik, Graham A Wagner, Michael R Kendrick, Peter R Kingsley-Smith, Isaure de Buron
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Abstract
A new genus and species within the family Polymorphidae Meyer, 1931 were erected to accommodate cystacanths recovered from the mesentery of individuals from a non-native population of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard), collected from South Carolina (USA). Morphological characteristics of the specimens collected included in both sexes a spindle-shaped body with a slender hindtrunk, two fields of markedly different sized spines on the foretrunk, the presence of a middle row of smaller scythe-shaped hooks on a proboscis armed with 19-20 longitudinal rows of 14-16 hooks; and in males, six cement glands, absence of genital spines, and a digitiform and spinose bursa (observed inverted). Sequencing portions of both the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes was completed, followed by phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated alignment. Sequences from our specimens appeared in a clade with those of Hexaglandula corynosoma (Travassos, 1915) and Ibirhynchus dimorpha (Schmidt, 1973) but were 27% divergent from both using the COI marker. The genetic divergence of this parasite from other polymorphid genera, along with unique morphological features, justified erecting a new genus and new species. Herein we describe Heterospinus mccordi n. gen. n. sp. bringing the total number of genera within the family Polymorphidae to 16, and we emend and update the latest key that was provided for the genera within this family. This is the first record of polymorphids infecting P. clarkii outside of its native range. The definitive host remains unknown.
美国南卡罗莱纳州环棘纲异棘虫mccordi n. genn . sp.（棘头纲：多形科）侵染外来寄主克氏原螯虾的形态描述和分子特征。
为了适应从美国南卡罗莱纳的非本地红沼泽小龙虾克氏原螯虾（Girard）的个体肠系膜中恢复的囊棘，在1931年建立了多形科Meyer的一个新属和新种。所收集标本的形态特征包括：两性均为纺锤形体，后躯干细长，前躯干上有两处大小明显不同的刺，在喙上有中间一排较小的镰刀形钩，长有19-20列纵列14-16个钩；雄性有6个骨水泥腺，没有生殖器刺，有一个数码状和棘状囊（倒置）。完成了线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶I （COI）和大亚基核糖体RNA基因的测序部分，随后进行了串联比对的系统发育分析。我们的标本序列与Travassos， 1915年的hexidlandula corynosoma和Schmidt， 1973年的Ibirhynchus dimorpha的序列出现在一个分支中，但COI标记与两者差异27%。这种寄生虫与其他多形态属的遗传差异，以及独特的形态特征，证明了建立一个新属和新种是合理的。本文对异ospinus mccordi n. gen. n. sp.进行了描述，使其多形科属总数达到16个，并对该科属的最新检索结果进行了修订和更新。这是第一个在其原生范围之外感染克氏疟原虫的多形体记录。最终的宿主仍然未知。
期刊介绍：
Systematic Parasitology publishes papers on the systematics, taxonomy and nomenclature of the following groups: Nematoda (including plant-parasitic), Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda, Acanthocephala, Aspidogastrea, Cestodaria, Arthropoda (parasitic copepods, hymenopterans, mites, ticks, etc.), Protozoa (parasitic groups), and parasitic genera in other groups, such as Mollusca, Turbelleria, etc. Systematic Parasitology publishes fully illustrated research papers, brief communications, and fully illustrated major revisions. In order to maintain high standards, all contributors describing new taxa are asked to state clearly where the holotype is deposited and to make paratypes available for examination by the referees. It is recognized that, in some cases, this may cause problems for the authors, but it is hoped that by adhering to this rule authors may be protected against rapid synonymy of their taxa, and the types will be preserved for posterity.
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