Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Testing, Recent Infections, and Annualized Incidence Among Cisgender Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Brazil.
Cristina M Jalil, Sylvia L M Teixeira, Carolina Coutinho, Sandro C Nazer, Eduardo Carvalheira, Brenda Hoagland, Sandra W Cardoso, Paula M Luz, Valdilea G Veloso, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Emilia M Jalil, Thiago S Torres
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had great impact on HIV care and prevention worldwide, including in Brazil. We compared HIV testing, recent infection, and annualized incidence according to the COVID-19 pandemic period among cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW).
Setting: HIV and sexually transmitted infection testing, prevention, and treatment referral service in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Methods: We used Maxim HIV-1 Limiting Antigen Avidity EIA as part of a recent infection testing algorithm to identify recent HIV infection cases and estimate annualized HIV incidences in the pre- (March 2018-February 2020) and post-COVID-19 pandemic onset period (March 2020-January 2022). Multivariable logistic regression model assessed factors associated with recent HIV infection.
Results: Among 3814 MSM and 776 TGW, 593 (12.9%) tested positive for HIV and 119 (2.6%) were identified as having recent infection. Percentage of recent HIV infection did not differ between the COVID-19 periods. Overall annualized HIV incidence rates were 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.2 to 7.7) and 6.6% (95% CI: 4.3 to 9.0) in the pre- and post-COVID-19 periods, respectively. During the post-COVID-19 period, higher incidence rates were observed among TGW (8.4% [95% CI: 2.9 to 13.9]), those aged 18-24 years (7.8% [95% CI: 4.0 to 11.7]), of Black race (7.9% [95% CI: 3.8 to 12.0]), and those with <12 years of schooling (7.8% [95% CI: 4.8 to 10.8]). Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, incidence rates were significantly higher in the post-COVID-19 period for those aged >30 years and TGW, while being lower for those with more years of schooling.
Conclusion: HIV incidence estimates remain high among MSM and TGW in Brazil, especially among the most vulnerable. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the HIV epidemic will likely persist and contribute to worsening HIV outcomes.
期刊介绍：
JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes seeks to end the HIV epidemic by presenting important new science across all disciplines that advance our understanding of the biology, treatment and prevention of HIV infection worldwide.
JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the trusted, interdisciplinary resource for HIV- and AIDS-related information with a strong focus on basic and translational science, clinical science, and epidemiology and prevention. Co-edited by the foremost leaders in clinical virology, molecular biology, and epidemiology, JAIDS publishes vital information on the advances in diagnosis and treatment of HIV infections, as well as the latest research in the development of therapeutics and vaccine approaches. This ground-breaking journal brings together rigorously peer-reviewed articles, reviews of current research, results of clinical trials, and epidemiologic reports from around the world.
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