A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nigeria.

Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI:10.1186/s40842-024-00209-1

Michael Adeyemi Olamoyegun, Kehinde Alare, Samson Adedeji Afolabi, Nicholas Aderinto, Taiwo Adeyemi

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Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global non-communicable disease, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence in Nigeria is driven by various risk factors. This review assesses the national and regional prevalence and risk factors of T2DM in Nigeria.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Journals Online) and gray literature were searched for English-language studies. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were extracted with Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Stata version 16 software. Random effect meta-regression analysis at 95% CI was used to assess pooled prevalence and risk factors. Heterogeneity was determined using the I² statistic, and publication bias was evaluated with a funnel plot.

Results: Sixty studies from different Nigerian geopolitical zones met eligibility criteria, with a total sample size of 124,876 participants and a mean age of 48 ± 9.8 years. The pooled prevalence of T2DM in Nigeria was 7.0% (95% CI: 5.0-9.0%). Moderate publication bias was observed. The South-south zone had the highest prevalence at 11.35% (95% CI: 4.52-20.72%), while the North-central zone had the lowest at 2.03% (95% CI: 1.09-3.40%). Significant risk factors included family history (9.73), high socioeconomic status (6.72), physical inactivity (5.92), urban living (4.79), BMI > 25/m² (3.07), infrequent vegetable consumption (2.68), and abdominal obesity (1.81).

Conclusion: The prevalence of T2DM in Nigeria (7.0%) nearly doubled the 2019 International Diabetes Federation estimate (3.7%) and shows a 21.3% increase from the 2019 review. Efforts should focus on modifying identified risk factors to reduce prevalence and prevent complications.

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来源期刊

Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology

自引率

0.00%

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审稿时长

8 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology is an open access journal publishing within the field of diabetes and endocrine disease. The journal aims to provide a widely available resource for people working within the field of diabetes and endocrinology, in order to improve the care of people affected by these conditions. The audience includes, but is not limited to, physicians, researchers, nurses, nutritionists, pharmacists, podiatrists, psychologists, epidemiologists, exercise physiologists and health care researchers. Research articles include patient-based research (clinical trials, clinical studies, and others), translational research (translation of basic science to clinical practice, translation of clinical practice to policy and others), as well as epidemiology and health care research. Clinical articles include case reports, case seminars, consensus statements, clinical practice guidelines and evidence-based medicine. Only articles considered to contribute new knowledge to the field will be considered for publication.