The Effect of Intervention Preference Matching on Outcomes and Engagement in a Post-cessation Weight Management Trial.

Abstract

Purpose: This study examined the effect of intervention treatment preference in a post-smoking cessation weight management trial.

Design & setting: Participants were randomized to a weight management intervention (Stability, Loss, or Bibliotherapy); all participants received a standard smoking cessation program. Adults aged 18+ were recruited from Memphis, TN, and nationally.

Participants: Individuals were eligible if they had a BMI of 22 kg/m² or greater.

Measures: Participants were asked about their preferred weight intervention at screening. Weight change and self-reported point-prevalence abstinence were assessed (Month 12). Participants rated perceived effectiveness, difficulty (screening, Month 2), and intervention satisfaction (Month 12).

Analysis: We examined the effect of intervention preference match on 12-month weight change, smoking cessation, perceived effectiveness, difficulty, and satisfaction.

Results: Participants (n = 305) were majority female (68%); white (52%); and had overweight/obesity (87%). At screening, most participants perceived the Loss intervention as most effective; at Month 2, Stability was perceived as most effective. The Stability intervention was perceived as easiest at screening and Month 2. Those who were matched to their treatment preference had greater 12-month weight loss, but similar rates of smoking cessation.

Conclusions: Participants who were matched to their preference were more successful in preventing post-cessation weight gain, compared to those who were not matched. Future research should systematically test intervention preference effects with the aim of precision health.