Formulation and Packaging Considerations in Developing Pediatric Oral Liquid Medication: A Caregiver-Reported Cross-Sectional Study Focusing on Excipient Selectivity and Packaging Design

Abstract

Background

The acceptability of oral medication by children is crucial for ensuring compliance and therapeutic effectiveness while decreasing relapse and treatment expenses.

Methods

A cross-sectional study using a web-based questionnaire was conducted in Jordan to explore acceptability factors affecting oral pediatric medications based on caregivers’ observations. The questionnaire consisted of four main parts to capture participants’ demographic data, participants’ preferences related to formulation excipients (color, flavor, odor, etc.), packaging components (packing shape, leaflet, dosing device, etc.), and acceptability factors associated with less common dosage forms (chewable, effervescent, and modified release formulations).

Results

According to caregivers’ responses, children prefer oral liquid medication with low viscosity, having strawberry and chocolate flavor, red or pink color, and strawberry and chocolate odor. Caregivers prefer lightweight toy-shaped containers with drawings in the outer pack. The leaflet should contain simplified dosing calculations and illustrations, while the dosing device and water for reconstitution must be part of the pack. Caregivers also prefer toy-shaped chewing tablets with strawberry or chocolate flavor and red or pink color.

Conclusion

The survey results summarize the preferences regarding the formulation and packing requirements in order to achieve acceptable oral liquid medication drugs for children, leading to shorter treatment times while decreasing the cost of treatment. The survey results also shed light on the concerns of caregivers regarding the safety of coloring agents and preservatives. The collaboration between caregivers, academia, and manufacturing companies can accelerate the development of an acceptable oral medication for children, leading to effective, safe, and short pediatric treatment.