Nurses' Characteristics Associated with Good Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of the Malaria Vaccine in Bungoma County, Kenya.

Journal of medicine, nursing & public health Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-15 DOI:10.53819/81018102t5339
Tony Chahale Mugasia, Fredrick N Were, Beatrice Mutai
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Abstract

The study examined nurse characteristics associated with Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) regarding malaria vaccination in Bungoma County, Kenya. Malaria remains a major health burden in Kenya, with 3.4 million cases and 12,000 deaths in 2021. Bungoma County, a malaria-endemic area, implemented the RTS S1 malaria vaccine, but dropout rates for subsequent doses are high. The fourth dose dropout, particularly in Bungoma and Siaya, poses a significant challenge to vaccine adherence. A cross-sectional descriptive study comprising mixed research methods; comprising key informant interviews was conducted among nurses in Bungoma County. A stratified random sampling was used to select 63 health facilities providing malaria vaccine. Data collection involved structured questionnaires, observation checklist, and key informant interview guide. Hawthorne effect was minimized by rapport building or familiarizing the participants by spending a whole morning at the facility CWC and assuring sampled participants of anonymity, this made the participants calm and can provide immunization services without fear of being judged. Data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics to determine associations between nurse demographics and KAP scores. The study found good KAP was significantly associated with characteristics such as age, years of experience, education level, and prior malaria vaccine training. Nurses aged over 35, with higher education, and those trained in malaria vaccine administration had a higher likelihood of exhibiting good knowledge and positive attitudes. The study concludes that implementing targeted training programs and mentorship initiatives for less experienced and younger nursing staff is essential for strengthening vaccine implementation effectiveness. Enhanced continuous education programs in Bungoma County would likely improve malaria vaccine practices and outcomes. Additionally, the findings indicate that structured support systems and ongoing professional development are crucial elements in maintaining high standards of vaccine delivery. The study recommends that mandatory comprehensive training programs should be established, incorporating both theoretical knowledge and hands-on practical skills development. These programs should be regularly updated to reflect current best practices and emerging challenges in vaccine delivery. Furthermore, the implementation of structured on-site mentorship programs, combined with continuous supervision, should be prioritized to ensure consistent application of proper vaccination protocols. Regular refresher courses should be offered to maintain and update healthcare workers' knowledge and skills, while a peer support system should be established to facilitate knowledge sharing and professional development.

肯尼亚本戈马县与良好的疟疾疫苗知识、态度和实践(KAP)相关的护士特征
该研究调查了肯尼亚本戈马县与疟疾疫苗接种的知识、态度和实践(KAP)相关的护士特征。疟疾仍然是肯尼亚的一个主要卫生负担,2021年有340万例病例和12 000例死亡。疟疾流行地区邦戈马县实施了RTS S1疟疾疫苗,但后续剂量的辍学率很高。第四剂退出,特别是在邦戈马和西亚亚,对疫苗依从性构成重大挑战。包括混合研究方法的横断面描述性研究;包括在邦戈马县的护士中进行的关键信息者访谈。采用分层随机抽样方法选择了63家提供疟疾疫苗的卫生机构。数据收集包括结构化问卷调查、观察清单和关键信息者访谈指南。霍桑效应通过建立融洽关系或通过在设施CWC度过整个上午来熟悉参与者并确保抽样参与者的匿名性来最小化,这使参与者冷静并可以在不担心被评判的情况下提供免疫服务。通过描述性和推断性统计来分析数据,以确定护士人口统计学与KAP评分之间的关系。该研究发现,良好的KAP与年龄、经验年数、教育水平和先前的疟疾疫苗培训等特征显著相关。年龄在35岁以上、受过高等教育的护士以及接受过疟疾疫苗管理培训的护士更有可能表现出良好的知识和积极的态度。该研究的结论是,为经验不足和年轻的护理人员实施有针对性的培训计划和指导倡议对于加强疫苗实施的有效性至关重要。加强本戈马县的继续教育方案可能会改善疟疾疫苗的做法和结果。此外,调查结果表明,结构化的支持系统和持续的专业发展是保持高标准疫苗提供的关键因素。该研究建议建立强制性的综合培训计划,将理论知识和实际操作技能的发展结合起来。这些规划应定期更新,以反映目前在疫苗提供方面的最佳做法和新出现的挑战。此外,应优先实施结构化的现场指导计划,并结合持续监督,以确保正确的疫苗接种方案的一致应用。应定期提供进修课程,以维持和更新医护人员的知识和技能,并建立同侪支援系统,以促进知识分享和专业发展。
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