Order evolution from a high-entropy matrix: Understanding and predicting paths to low-temperature equilibrium

Abstract

Interest in high-entropy inorganic compounds originates from their ability to stabilize cations and anions in local environments that rarely occur at standard temperature and pressure. This leads to new crystalline phases in many-cation formulations with structures and properties that depart from conventional trends. The highest-entropy homogeneous and random solid solution is a parent structure from which a continuum of lower-entropy offspring can originate by adopting chemical and/or structural order. This report demonstrates how synthesis conditions, thermal history, and elastic and chemical boundary conditions conspire to regulate this process in Mg_0.2Co_0.2Ni_0.2Cu_0.2Zn_0.2O, during which coherent CuO nanotweeds and spinel nanocuboids evolve. We do so by combining structured synthesis routes, atomic-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy, density functional theory, and a phase field modeling framework that accurately predicts the emergent structure and local chemistry. This establishes a framework to appreciate, understand, and predict the macrostate spectrum available to a high-entropy system that is critical to rationalizing property engineering opportunities.