Global burden of cancer and associated risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1980–2021: a systematic analysis for the GBD 2021

IF 29.5 1区 医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY
Zenghong Wu, Fangnan Xia, Rong Lin
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Abstract

Cancer is the second most common cause of death globally. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate cancer incidence, mortality rates, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to enhance preventive measures and healthcare resource allocation. This study aimed to assess cancer burden and associated risk factors in 204 countries and territories between 1980 and 2021. We selected data on cancer incidence and mortality rates and associated risk factors from the global burden of disease (GBD) study tool for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021 and 1980 to 2021. We estimated the age-standardized incidence (ASIR) and age-standardized deaths (ASDR) of 34 cancer types categorized as level 3 causes based on the GBD hierarchy. In 2021, cancer accounted for 14.57% (95% uncertainty interval: 13.65–15.28) of total deaths and 8.8% (7.99–9.67) of total DALYs in both sexes globally. ASIR and ASDR were 790.33 (694.43–893.01) and 116.49 (107.28–124.69), respectively. Additionally, females exhibited higher ASIR than males (923.44 versus 673.09), while males exhibited higher ASDR than females (145.69 versus 93.60). This indicates that policymakers should focus on the importance of gender equality in healthcare. Non-melanoma skin cancer exhibited the highest ASIR (74.10) in both sexes, while digestive cancers accounted for 39.29% of all cancer-related deaths, and Asia exhibited the heaviest cancer burden. In females, breast cancer exhibited the highest ASIR (46.40) and ASDR (14.55). In males, tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer exhibited the highest ASIR (37.85) and ASDR (34.32), highlighting the urgent need for targeted tobacco control measures. Different cancers in various countries exhibit unique characteristics. Therefore, policymakers should formulate specific prevention and control strategies that reflect the cancer in their country. Tobacco was the primary level 2 risk factor for cancer DALYs in males. It accounted for 29.32% (25.32–33.14) of all cancer DALYs. Dietary risks, alcohol consumption, and air pollution accounted for 5.89% (2.01–10.73), 5.48% (4.83–6.11), and 4.30% (2.77–5.95) of male cancer DALYs, respectively. Therefore, policymakers should prioritize smoking regulation and other carcinogenic risks. Cancer is a significant public health concern globally. Understanding the common etiologies of different cancers is essential for developing effective control strategies and targeted interventions.
1980-2021年204个国家和地区的全球癌症负担及相关风险因素:对《2021年全球癌症指南》的系统分析
癌症是全球第二大常见死因。因此,有必要调查癌症发病率、死亡率和残疾调整生命年(DALYs),以加强预防措施和卫生保健资源分配。该研究旨在评估1980年至2021年间204个国家和地区的癌症负担和相关风险因素。我们从1990年至2021年和1980年至2021年204个国家和地区的全球疾病负担(GBD)研究工具中选择了癌症发病率和死亡率及相关危险因素的数据。我们估计了34种癌症类型的年龄标准化发病率(ASIR)和年龄标准化死亡率(ASDR),这些癌症类型根据GBD等级被分类为3级原因。2021年,在全球男女中,癌症占总死亡人数的14.57%(95%不确定区间:13.65-15.28),占总DALYs的8.8%(7.99-9.67)。ASIR和ASDR分别为790.33(694.43 ~ 893.01)和116.49(107.28 ~ 124.69)。此外,女性的ASIR高于男性(923.44比673.09),而男性的ASDR高于女性(145.69比93.60)。这表明政策制定者应该关注医疗保健领域性别平等的重要性。非黑色素瘤皮肤癌在两性中均表现出最高的ASIR(74.10),而消化系统癌症占所有癌症相关死亡的39.29%,亚洲表现出最重的癌症负担。在女性中,乳腺癌的ASIR(46.40)和ASDR(14.55)最高。在男性中,气管、支气管和肺癌的ASIR(37.85)和ASDR(34.32)最高,表明迫切需要采取有针对性的控烟措施。不同国家的癌症表现出不同的特点。因此,政策制定者应该制定具体的预防和控制策略,以反映本国的癌症情况。烟草是男性癌症DALYs的主要2级危险因素。占所有癌症DALYs的29.32%(25.32 ~ 33.14%)。饮食风险、饮酒和空气污染分别占男性癌症DALYs的5.89%(2.01-10.73)、5.48%(4.83-6.11)和4.30%(2.77-5.95)。因此,政策制定者应该优先考虑吸烟监管和其他致癌风险。癌症是一个全球性的重大公共卫生问题。了解不同癌症的共同病因对于制定有效的控制策略和有针对性的干预措施至关重要。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
48.10
自引率
2.10%
发文量
169
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Hematology & Oncology, an open-access journal, publishes high-quality research covering all aspects of hematology and oncology, including reviews and research highlights on "hot topics" by leading experts. Given the close relationship and rapid evolution of hematology and oncology, the journal aims to meet the demand for a dedicated platform for publishing discoveries from both fields. It serves as an international platform for sharing laboratory and clinical findings among laboratory scientists, physician scientists, hematologists, and oncologists in an open-access format. With a rapid turnaround time from submission to publication, the journal facilitates real-time sharing of knowledge and new successes.
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