{"title":"Flat Oral Glucose Tolerance Test during Pregnancy and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A 5-Year Cohort Study.","authors":"Danit Tarashandegan, Amir Naeh, Mordechai Hallak, Yoel Toledano, Rinat Gabbay-Benziv, Esther Maor-Sagie","doi":"10.1055/a-2490-3183","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong> This study aimed to evaluate the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with flat response in the 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed during pregnancy in a large cohort of women with up to 5 years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong> A retrospective analysis of women with documented OGTT during pregnancy and T2DM data up to 5 years after pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening was done by a two-step strategy. Glucose levels during pregnancy were extracted from the computerized laboratory system of Meuhedet Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) and cross-tabulated with the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Flat OGTT was defined as fasting glucose <95 mg/dl and three postprandial values lower than 100 mg/dl. The cohort was stratified by OGTT results to normal glucose values, flat OGTT, and GDM according to Carpenter and Coustan thresholds. Cumulative risk for T2DM was evaluated and compared between groups. Statistical analysis included univariate analysis followed by survival analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> A total of 14,122 parturients entered the analysis. Of them, 965 (6.8%) had flat OGTT, 11,427 (80.9%) had normal OGTT, and 1,730 (12.3%) had GDM. Women with flat OGTT were younger, had lower body mass index (BMI; kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and had lower rates of hypertension. Their glucose values throughout pregnancy were lower compared with the other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all). During the study period and following adjustment to maternal age, obesity, and hypertension, women with flat OGTT had a low incidence of T2DM, even when compared with women with normal OGTT (adjusted hazard ratio 0.212, 95% confidence interval 0.052-0.856).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Parturients with flat OGTT during pregnancy are at a low risk of developing T2DM up to 5 years following pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>· Women with flat OGTT are younger, with lower BMI and lower hypertension rates.. · During pregnancy, glucose levels were lower in flat OGTT women than in normal OGTT or GDM.. · Postpartum women with flat OGTT had lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes over 5 years..</p>","PeriodicalId":7584,"journal":{"name":"American journal of perinatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American journal of perinatology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2490-3183","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with flat response in the 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed during pregnancy in a large cohort of women with up to 5 years of follow-up.
Study design: A retrospective analysis of women with documented OGTT during pregnancy and T2DM data up to 5 years after pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening was done by a two-step strategy. Glucose levels during pregnancy were extracted from the computerized laboratory system of Meuhedet Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) and cross-tabulated with the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Flat OGTT was defined as fasting glucose <95 mg/dl and three postprandial values lower than 100 mg/dl. The cohort was stratified by OGTT results to normal glucose values, flat OGTT, and GDM according to Carpenter and Coustan thresholds. Cumulative risk for T2DM was evaluated and compared between groups. Statistical analysis included univariate analysis followed by survival analysis.
Results: A total of 14,122 parturients entered the analysis. Of them, 965 (6.8%) had flat OGTT, 11,427 (80.9%) had normal OGTT, and 1,730 (12.3%) had GDM. Women with flat OGTT were younger, had lower body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), and had lower rates of hypertension. Their glucose values throughout pregnancy were lower compared with the other groups (p < 0.001 for all). During the study period and following adjustment to maternal age, obesity, and hypertension, women with flat OGTT had a low incidence of T2DM, even when compared with women with normal OGTT (adjusted hazard ratio 0.212, 95% confidence interval 0.052-0.856).
Conclusion: Parturients with flat OGTT during pregnancy are at a low risk of developing T2DM up to 5 years following pregnancy.
Key points: · Women with flat OGTT are younger, with lower BMI and lower hypertension rates.. · During pregnancy, glucose levels were lower in flat OGTT women than in normal OGTT or GDM.. · Postpartum women with flat OGTT had lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes over 5 years..
期刊介绍:
The American Journal of Perinatology is an international, peer-reviewed, and indexed journal publishing 14 issues a year dealing with original research and topical reviews. It is the definitive forum for specialists in obstetrics, neonatology, perinatology, and maternal/fetal medicine, with emphasis on bridging the different fields.
The focus is primarily on clinical and translational research, clinical and technical advances in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment as well as evidence-based reviews. Topics of interest include epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of maternal, fetal, and neonatal diseases. Manuscripts on new technology, NICU set-ups, and nursing topics are published to provide a broad survey of important issues in this field.
All articles undergo rigorous peer review, with web-based submission, expedited turn-around, and availability of electronic publication.
The American Journal of Perinatology is accompanied by AJP Reports - an Open Access journal for case reports in neonatology and maternal/fetal medicine.