Systemic vasculitides: an overview

Abstract

The systemic vasculitides are a rare but serious group of multisystem autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels. Diagnosis requires careful clinical assessment in combination with immunological testing, imaging and often tissue biopsy. Prompt treatment is vital to prevent irreversible organ damage and decrease mortality and morbidity. Immunosuppressive drugs are the mainstay of treatment and have significantly improved outcomes in recent decades. However, relapses are common, and individuals with vasculitis have a higher risk of infections, cardiovascular diseases and cancer compared with the general population. The toxicity of treatments, especially glucocorticoids, contributes to these complications.