Comprehensive characterization of gas dynamic virtual nozzles for x-ray free-electron laser experiments.

IF 2.3 2区物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Structural Dynamics-Us Pub Date : 2024-11-26 eCollection Date: 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1063/4.0000262

Konstantinos Karpos, Sahba Zaare, Dimitra Manatou, Roberto C Alvarez, Vivek Krishnan, Clint Ottmar, Jodi Gilletti, Aian Pableo, Diandra Doppler, Adil Ansari, Reza Nazari, Alexandra Ros, Richard A Kirian

引用次数: 0

Abstract

We introduce a hardware-software system for rapidly characterizing liquid microjets for x-ray diffraction experiments. An open-source python-based software package allows for programmatic and automated data collection and analysis. We show how jet speed, length, and diameter are influenced by nozzle geometry, gas flow rate, liquid viscosity, and liquid flow rate. We introduce "jet instability" and "jet probability" metrics to help quantify the suitability of a given nozzle for x-ray diffraction experiments. Among our observations were pronounced improvements in jet stability and reliability when using asymmetric needle-tipped nozzles, which allowed for the production of microjects smaller than 250 nm in diameter, traveling faster than 120 m/s.

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用于 X 射线自由电子激光实验的气体动态虚拟喷嘴的综合表征。

我们介绍了一种用于 X 射线衍射实验的快速表征液体微射流的软硬件系统。基于 python- 的开源软件包可实现程序化和自动化的数据采集和分析。我们展示了喷射速度、长度和直径如何受到喷嘴几何形状、气体流速、液体粘度和液体流速的影响。我们引入了 "射流不稳定性 "和 "射流概率 "指标，以帮助量化特定喷嘴对 X 射线衍射实验的适用性。我们观察到，在使用非对称针尖喷嘴时，射流稳定性和可靠性明显提高，可以产生直径小于 250 nm 的微射流，射流速度超过 120 m/s。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Structural Dynamics-Us CHEMISTRY, PHYSICALPHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECU-PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR & CHEMICAL

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

3.60%

发文量

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： Structural Dynamics focuses on the recent developments in experimental and theoretical methods and techniques that allow a visualization of the electronic and geometric structural changes in real time of chemical, biological, and condensed-matter systems. The community of scientists and engineers working on structural dynamics in such diverse systems often use similar instrumentation and methods. The journal welcomes articles dealing with fundamental problems of electronic and structural dynamics that are tackled by new methods, such as: Time-resolved X-ray and electron diffraction and scattering, Coherent diffractive imaging, Time-resolved X-ray spectroscopies (absorption, emission, resonant inelastic scattering, etc.), Time-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and electron microscopy, Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopies (UPS, XPS, ARPES, etc.), Multidimensional spectroscopies in the infrared, the visible and the ultraviolet, Nonlinear spectroscopies in the VUV, the soft and the hard X-ray domains, Theory and computational methods and algorithms for the analysis and description of structuraldynamics and their associated experimental signals. These new methods are enabled by new instrumentation, such as: X-ray free electron lasers, which provide flux, coherence, and time resolution, New sources of ultrashort electron pulses, New sources of ultrashort vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) to hard X-ray pulses, such as high-harmonic generation (HHG) sources or plasma-based sources, New sources of ultrashort infrared and terahertz (THz) radiation, New detectors for X-rays and electrons, New sample handling and delivery schemes, New computational capabilities.