Effect of feed rate during induction hardening on the hardening depth, microstructure, and wear properties of tool-grade steel work roll

IF 3.4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
A. Šapek, M. Kalin, M. Godec, Č. Donik, B. Markoli
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Abstract

Rolls are the most critical yet vulnerable parts of cold rolling mills. It is crucial for them to withstand long rolling campaigns without losing surface roughness or incurring damage. Newly developed rolls are made from tool-grade steel with high roughness, lower wear, and high damage resistance. One of the most important advantages is the elimination of the need for chrome plating, which is currently widely used on standard steel rolls but is ecologically harmful. We investigated a type of steel with 8% chromium for use in cold rolling using light optical microscopy (LOM), X-ray crystallography (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), hardness measurements, and tribological tests. In this study, a roll with a diameter of 325 mm was electro-slag remelted and forged, machined to a diameter of 305 mm, and quenched and tempered to simulate industrial roll production. A forged roll was induction heated and hardened at four different feed rates (i.e., 24 mm/min, 30 mm/min, 36 mm/min, and 42 mm/min), tempered at 515℃ for 24h and again at 480℃ for 24h, and dissected for in-depth analysis. We identified a clear relationship between the feed rate of the roll during induction hardening and the depth of hardness, the sizes of carbides, and the wear properties of the roll. By reducing the feed rate of the roll through the inductor, we increased the depth of the hardened layer from 16 mm (at a feed rate of 36 mm/min) to 25 mm (at a feed rate of 24 mm/min), which is a 56.25% increase. Such an increase is expected to extend the lifespan of the working roll without having negative effects on the wear resistance and other important parameters. XRD analysis showed that the sample had a 0.4% residual austenite, which means it had a significantly lower risk of roll damage during operation than standard steel grades

感应淬火过程中的进给量对工具级钢工作辊的淬火深度、显微组织和磨损性能的影响
轧辊是冷轧机最关键但也是最脆弱的部件。轧辊必须能够承受长时间的轧制运动,而不会失去表面粗糙度或造成损坏。新开发的轧辊由工具级钢材制成,具有高粗糙度、低磨损和高抗损性。最重要的优点之一是无需镀铬,目前镀铬已广泛用于标准钢辊,但对生态环境有害。我们使用光学显微镜 (LOM)、X 射线晶体学 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、电子反向散射衍射 (EBSD)、硬度测量和摩擦学测试对一种含 8% 铬的冷轧用钢进行了研究。在这项研究中,对直径为 325 毫米的轧辊进行了电渣重熔和锻造,机加工成直径为 305 毫米,然后进行淬火和回火,以模拟工业轧辊生产。以四种不同的进给速度(即 24 毫米/分钟、30 毫米/分钟、36 毫米/分钟和 42 毫米/分钟)对锻造轧辊进行感应加热和淬火,在 515℃ 下回火 24 小时,然后在 480℃ 下再次回火 24 小时,并对轧辊进行解剖和深入分析。我们发现,感应淬火过程中的轧辊进给速度与轧辊的硬度深度、碳化物尺寸和磨损性能之间存在明显的关系。通过降低轧辊通过感应器的进给速度,我们将硬化层的深度从 16 毫米(进给速度为 36 毫米/分钟)增加到 25 毫米(进给速度为 24 毫米/分钟),增加了 56.25%。这种增加有望延长工作辊的使用寿命,同时不会对耐磨性和其他重要参数产生负面影响。XRD 分析表明,样品的残余奥氏体含量为 0.4%,这意味着与标准钢种相比,它在操作过程中造成轧辊损坏的风险要低得多。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
1
审稿时长
13 weeks
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