Guidelines for Integrating actionable A-SMART Learning Outcomes into the Backward Design Process.

Abstract

Background: Learning outcomes are essential in education, guiding both educators and learners towards desired knowledge, skills, and competencies. The backward design process offers a structured approach to curriculum planning, but its integration with actionable, SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) learning outcomes needs further exploration.

Goal: This guide aims to introduce the concept of "A-SMART" learning outcomes and demonstrate their integration into the backward design process, focusing on outcomes that begin with action verbs.

Methods: The guide outlines a three-stage curriculum planning approach: (i) define desired results, (ii) determine acceptable evidence of learning, and (iii) plan learning activities. It emphasizes the importance of starting with action verbs in formulating learning outcomes, aligning with Stage 1 of backward design and facilitating the transition to Stage 2 (assessment development).

Results: By following this guide, educators will acquire tools to develop effective "A-SMART" learning outcomes. This approach immediately advances to Stage 2 of backward design, improving educational practices and ensuring alignment with assessment methods. The guide provides strategies for formulating outcomes that are Action-oriented, Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-based.

Conclusions: The integration of A-SMART learning outcomes into the backward design process offers a more cohesive and effective educational framework. This approach enhances clarity for learners, provides guidance for instructors, enables more effective assessments, and improves overall learning experiences. The guide also addresses potential challenges in formulating A-SMART outcomes and suggests solutions, including the use of AI tools for inspiration and critical review.